Abstract:

Safety is a critical aspect of construction operations, ensuring the protection of workers, safeguarding project assets, and promoting operational efficiency. This study investigated the extent of safety culture, safety climate, and safety cost in a construction company in Bacolod City, Philippines. Using a descriptive-comparative and correlational research design, the study surveyed 153 construction employees selected through stratified random sampling. The study utilized validated and reliable instruments to measure perceptions of safety culture, safety climate, and safety cost. Findings revealed that all three variables were rated “Very High,” indicating a strong safety foundation within the company. Reporting Culture and Management Commitment emerged as the strongest aspects of safety culture, while Safety Commitment and Communication led in safety climate dimensions. Preventive safety costs were prioritized, highlighting proactive financial investments in safety measures. Significant differences were identified based on sex and job classification, with male and technical/skilled workers reporting higher safety perceptions compared to female and rank-and-file employees. No significant differences were observed across age groups. Correlation analysis showed strong positive relationships among safety culture, safety climate, and safety cost, suggesting that improvements in one dimension reinforce the others. The study underscores the importance of an integrated approach to safety management, linking organizational values, workplace perceptions, and financial investments. It recommends strengthening learning culture, enhancing inclusivity, improving communication about safety costs, and embedding safety within organizational strategy. These findings provide valuable insights for construction companies seeking to enhance workplace safety and operational resilience in rapidly urbanizing areas.

Keywords: Safety culture, safety climate, safety cost, construction safety, workplace safety, Bacolod City, Philippines, safety management, occupational health, construction industry