Published July 28, 2025 | Version v1
Journal article Open

MIOCARDITIS VIRAL PEDIÁTRICA: DIAGNÓSTICO, FACTORES DE RIESGO Y ENFOQUES TERAPÉUTICOS

Authors/Creators

  • 1. Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
  • 2. Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia.
  • 3. Universidad el Bosque; Bogotá, Colombia
  • 4. Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira- Colombia

Description

La miocarditis viral pediátrica es una causa relevante de morbilidad y muerte súbita en niños y adolescentes. Infecciones virales como el HHV-6, enterovirus y parvovirus B19 se han identificado como desencadenantes clave de inflamación miocárdica, exacerbada por mecanismos inmunitarios y la activación del inflamasoma NLRP3. Explorar la evidencia actual sobre los factores de riesgo, mecanismos inmunológicos, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la miocarditis viral pediátrica y la pericarditis aguda asociada. Revisión narrativa basada en literatura científica publicada entre 2000 y 2025, en inglés y español, utilizando bases de datos reconocidas. Se incluyeron estudios clínicos, experimentales y revisiones sistemáticas centradas en población pediátrica. Se evidenció el papel inmunomodulador del HHV-6, la evasión inmunitaria por enterovirus y la respuesta humoral frente al parvovirus B19. En pericarditis, el inflamasoma NLRP3 es central en la inflamación. Diagnósticos como la resonancia magnética cardíaca han mejorado la detección. Tratamientos como IVIG, colchicina, anti-IL-1 y anti-TNFα han demostrado eficacia en casos refractarios. La comprensión de los mecanismos inmunológicos y el desarrollo de tratamientos dirigidos son fundamentales para mejorar el pronóstico de la miocarditis viral pediátrica.

 

Abstract (English)

Pediatric viral myocarditis is a significant cause of morbidity and sudden cardiac death in children and adolescents. Viral infections such as human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), enteroviruses, and human parvovirus B19 have been identified as key triggers of myocardial inflammation, exacerbated by immune mechanisms and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. This narrative review explores current evidence on risk factors, immunological mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric viral myocarditis and associated acute pericarditis. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in recognized databases for articles published between 2000 and 2025, in English and Spanish. Clinical trials, experimental studies, and systematic reviews focusing on pediatric populations were included. Findings highlight the immunomodulatory role of HHV-6, immune evasion strategies of enteroviruses, and the humoral response to parvovirus B19. In acute pericarditis, NLRP3 inflammasome plays a central role in inflammation. Diagnostic tools such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging have improved disease detection. Treatments including intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), colchicine, anti-IL-1 agents, and anti-TNFα therapies have shown efficacy in refractory cases. Understanding immune mechanisms and advancing targeted therapies is essential to improve the prognosis of pediatric viral myocarditis.

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Additional details

Additional titles

Translated title (English)
PEDIATRIC VIRAL MYOCARDITIS: DIAGNOSIS, RISK FACTORS, AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES

Identifiers

ISSN
2530-5468

Dates

Submitted
2025-03-01
Accepted
2025-06-16

Software

Repository URL
https://revistacientificasanum.com/

References

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