GENETIC AND REPRODUCTIVE DIVERSITIES OF HONEYBEES IN THEIR HABITATS

Honeybees are socioeconomic insects embracing numerous colonies originating from a single hive. Years of domestication and studies comprising their behavioral instincts, communal well-being and genetic variation have strengthened the relationship of honeybees with mankind as honeybees are the prime suppliers of crucial byproducts.  On observing various areas of Himalayan Uttarakhand, highlighting a qualitative and quantitative study on varieties of honeybees based on their morphological features, adaptation and behavioral differences. Honeybee are haplo-diploid organisms. Males also referred as drones comprise of only one set of chromosomes, viz. 16, whereas females consist of two sets of chromosomes found to be 32 (16 pairs). Queen bee which is the only egg laying member of the colony after mating lays subsequently two kinds of eggs, the unfertilized eggs give rise to drones while the fertilized ones matures into worker bees. On morphologically studying and classifying these patterns between the various species of Apis mellifera Linnaeus and Apis cerana Fabricius, we observed their essentiality based on the products of their natural resources and acknowledged suitable culturing species underlying its growth, reproduction, and development.