Published July 5, 2025 | Version v2
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Reduced Entries Algebraic Magic and Semi-Magic Squares of Orders 4, 6, 8 and 10

  • 1. Formerly, Professor of Mathematics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil

Description

This work brings magic and semi-magic squares of orders 4, 6, 8 and 10 for reduced entries. By reduced or less entries we understand that instead of normal n^2 entries of a magic square order n, we are using less numbers. Moreover, in these situations the entries are no more sequential numbers. These entries are non-sequential positive and negative numbers. In some cases, these may be decimal or fractional values depending on the orders of a magic squares.  In this work we bring different ways of writing magic and semi-magic squares of orders 4, 6, 8 and 10.  These are based on three types of magic squares, i.e., corneredsingle-digit bordered and double-digit bordered magic squares. The pandiagonal magic squares for reduced entries for the orders 4, 6, 8 and 10 are also considered. In case of order 6, we have given two different ways of pandiagonal magic squares. Most of the results are with magic rectangles. In each case, these are considered with equal width and length. Previously, the author brought similar kind of work for the orders 3 to 12 specially for the dates and days of the year 2025, where the dates are few entries and days are the sums of magic squares. For details see the reference list. This work is revised and enlarged version of previous work. The work is also available at author's web-site.

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