MECHANICAL & APPLIED SCIENCE DOMAIN
Published July 4, 2025 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Quantitative Analysis and Detection Techniques for Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) in Gas Mixtures

Authors/Creators

Description

The accurate detection and quantification of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in gas mixtures is critical across various industrial, environmental, and biomedical applications. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of different testing methodologies for CO₂ measurement, including non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensors, gas chromatography (GC), and chemical absorption techniques. Each method is analyzed for sensitivity, accuracy, response time, and suitability under different operational conditions. Experimental testing was carried out on synthetic and real gas samples, simulating environments such as biogas, industrial exhaust, and ambient air. Results indicate that NDIR offers high-speed detection suitable for real-time monitoring, whereas gas chromatography provides superior accuracy for trace level analysis. This paper further discusses calibration standards, interference from other gases, and cost-effectiveness of each technique. The findings aim to guide the selection of appropriate CO₂ testing methods based on application-specific requirements.

Files

Quantitative Analysis and Detection Techniques for Carbon Dioxide.pdf

Files (403.4 kB)

Additional details

References

  • Bacharach, M. (2016). Manual methods for the determination of carbon dioxide in gas samples. Journal of Chemical Education, 93(4), 678–682. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00729
  • Chen, L., Zhang, X., & Wang, J. (2017). Evaluation of gas chromatographic techniques for trace CO₂ detection in synthetic gas. Analytical Chemistry Research, 13, 29–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancr.2017.03.004
  • Kumar, S., & Singh, P. (2020). Performance analysis of NDIR-based CO₂ sensors for industrial emissions. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 192(5), 312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-8221-3
  • Liu, Q., Ma, Y., & Wang, S. (2021). Application of tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy for CO₂ detection in combustion systems. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 345, 130389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2021.130389
  • Patel, R., & Sharma, D. (2022). Comparative study of CO₂ detection techniques for biogas upgrading. Renewable Energy Research, 17(2), 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rer.2022.03.008
  • Smith, A. J., Johnson, R. P., & Lee, H. T. (2018). Real-time monitoring of CO₂ using portable NDIR sensors. Sensors, 18(10), 3456. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103456
  • Wang, H., Zhou, Y., & Tang, Y. (2019). Electrochemical CO₂ sensors: A review of working principles and recent developments. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 840, 56–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.03.019
  • Zhang, W., & Zhao, L. (2020). Advances in CO₂ detection techniques and environmental applications. Journal of Cleaner Production, 255, 120287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120287
  • European Committee for Standardization. (2015). EN ISO 12039: Stationary source emissions – Determination of carbon dioxide – Infrared reference method. CEN.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2014). Method 3A – Determination of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in emissions from stationary sources (Instrumental Analyzer Procedure). EPA.