Published June 29, 2025 | Version v1
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Why the Photon Moves: Gravitational Engine of a Non-Closed Torsion Vortex

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Standard physics postulates that a photon moves at c because it is massless and follows null geodesics. In the ontological framework A = A + (−A0), a deeper answer arises: the photon is a non-closed torsion vortex in the tension field ∇U. Its intrinsic topological asymmetry produces a permanent imbalance between the temporal (gravitational) and spatial (anti-gravitational) components of tension, acting as a self-contained engine. This note derives the propulsion law, explains why the velocity saturates at c, and proposes observational and laboratory tests to validate the model.

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Preprint: 10.5281/zenodo.15764946 (DOI)