Recycling in Northern and Central European countries: approaches and conditions

Recycling is a key tool for minimizing the negative environmental impacts of waste management and advancing sustainable development. This study examines recycling systems in Central and Northern European countries, with a particular focus on a comparative analysis of the Czech Republic and Sweden. The aim is to analyze differences in recycling conditions and approaches while identifying factors that could enhance household participation in waste sorting. The research is based on a questionnaire survey conducted among residents of both countries, aiming to determine not only the current level of sorting, but also key motivators and barriers influencing household engagement in recycling. The results show that although general willingness to recycle is comparable in the Czech Republic and Sweden, significant differences exist in infrastructure, legislative frameworks, and the availability of recycling services. Additionally, the study suggests that clearer packaging labeling and standardized material composition could contribute to increasing recycling rates among consumers.