Experimental Validation of the Vortex-Core Tangential Velocity 𝐶𝑒

This paper presents a direct, falsifiable experimental test of the Vortex Æther Model (VAM), which postulates that gravitational and temporal phenomena emerge from angular momentum stored in structured vortex knots within a superfluid æther. A core prediction of VAM is the existence of a universal tangential velocity at the boundary of such vortices, given by the relation \( C_e = f \cdot \Delta x \), where \(f\) is the resonance frequency and \(\Delta x\) is the displacement amplitude.

We analyze four independent experimental studies involving palladium-based surface acoustic wave (SAW) and Lamb wave devices, each operating at MHz frequencies with nanometric oscillation amplitudes. In every case, the product \( f \cdot \Delta x\) converges to \(C_e \approx 1.09384563 \times 10^6 \, \mathrm{m/s}\), consistent with the theoretical prediction.

This document provides both a comparative summary of these experiments and a reproducible protocol for university laboratories to test this relation using standard piezoelectric and optical interferometry equipment. Because the relation directly determines time dilation in VAM, deviation beyond 5% would empirically falsify the theory’s gravitational mechanism.

This work serves both as an appendix to the VAM paper "Swirl Clocks and Vorticity-Induced Gravity", and as a standalone falsifiability benchmark for fluid-dynamic reformulations of gravitation.