Published June 8, 2025 | Version v1
Conference paper Open

ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS: CONCEPTS AND CALCULATION METHODS

Authors/Creators

  • 1. Urgench branch of Tashkent medical academy

Description

Isotonic solutions play a crucial role in pharmaceutical sciences, medical applications, and biological systems. This thesis examines the fundamental concepts of isotonic solutions, explores various methods for calculating isotonic concentrations, and discusses their practical applications. The osmotic pressure relationship between solutions and biological fluids determines the isotonic nature of pharmaceutical preparations.

Files

12-15.pdf

Files (469.6 kB)

Name Size Download all
md5:6de225fefd4e5333c7036f1af4473ce7
469.6 kB Preview Download

Additional details

References

  • 1. Sinko, P. J., & Singh, Y. (2020). Martin's Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences: Physical Chemical and Biopharmaceutical Principles in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (8th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
  • 2. Florence, A. T., & Attwood, D. (2016). Physicochemical Principles of Pharmacy: In Manufacture, Formulation and Clinical Use (6th ed.). Pharmaceutical Press.
  • 3. Aulton, M. E., & Taylor, K. M. G. (2017). Aulton's Pharmaceutics: The Design and Manufacture of Medicines (5th ed.). Elsevier.
  • 4. Rawlins, E. A. (2007). Bentley's Textbook of Pharmaceutics (8th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • 5. Gennaro, A. R. (Ed.). (2020). Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy (23rd ed.). Academic Press.