Between policy and perception: Stakeholder views on addressing territorial inequality in Europe

Long-standing differences between regions have led to new forms of inequality, worsened by declining protections and support for citizens. Territorial inequality isn't just about differences in income or wealth; it also includes unequal access to basic services, infrastructure, and education, which affect overall development and opportunities.

This paper, part of a larger research project on "left-behind" areas, examines how local and regional stakeholders perceive the causes of territorial inequalities. It also looks at the policies and governance systems designed to reduce these inequalities. The study is based on 20 focus groups with stakeholders from seven European countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Italy, Serbia, and Spain.

The findings reveal a significant gap between national-level discussions on territorial inequalities and the priorities of local and regional stakeholders. While policy agendas acknowledge these differences, progress is often slowed by governance issues, such as tensions between centralized and decentralized decision-making, poor coordination, and a lack of cooperation between different levels of government.

The research highlights the need for policies that are tailored to local challenges. Solutions must consider demographic changes, geographic isolation, and unfair funding practices, especially in regions that lack essential resources. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of aligning policies with the specific needs of areas often described as "left-behind."