Spatial Analysis of Chemical Residues in Water Bodies Affected by Dangote (Savannah) Sugar Refinery Effluents

Industrial effluent discharge poses significant environmental challenges, particularly in regions where regulatory enforcement is weak. This study employs a spatial approach to assess the presence and concentration of chemical residues in water bodies impacted by effluent disposal from the Dangote (Savannah) Sugar Refinery. Water samples were collected at various locations and analyzed for key parameters, including pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), heavy metals, and nutrient loads. Results indicate significant contamination, with pollutant levels exceeding permissible limits in effluent-receiving water bodies. Spatial analysis confirmed a concentration gradient, with the highest contamination levels recorded near discharge points, . The presence of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) raises concerns about potential ecological and human health risks. These findings underscore the urgent need for improved wastewater management strategies, enhanced regulatory oversight, and the adoption of advanced effluent treatment technologies. The study provides a foundation for policy recommendations aimed at mitigating industrial pollution and ensuring sustainable water resource management.