Published February 4, 2025 | Version v1
Dataset Open

Pan-Arctic weather data set from publicly available in situ measurements from 1990-2023

Description

These datasets are collected from publicly available in situ measurements of 36 ground and surface climatic variables from 16 different data sources, focusing on the period 1990-2023, but with some sources providing data much further back in time (early 1900s). 
The variables collected are: Air temperature, Snow depth, Precipitation, Longwave Incoming radiation, Longwave Outgoing Radiation, Shortwave Incoming Radiation, Shortwave outgoing radiation, Relative Humidity, Surface temperature (below the snow), Soil temperature at the depths 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 90, 110, 140, 150 and 200 cm and Soil moisture (vol%) at depths 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50 and 80 cm. 
The data set consists of 719 unique locations in total, with data coverage varying between sites and over time. It is available in two versions: In the first 'raw' version, data was restructured and reformatted from each original source into a common format, but was not tested for quality. In the second, Quality Checked version, the data set has additionally been run through a five-module Quality Check involving 1) removing common error values, 2) evaluating physically impossible values, 3) outlier-detection and evaluation, 4) unit conversions and 5) evaluation of likely instrument and/or calibration artifacts. The code for import, normalization and quality check with optional modules is made available in addition to the data and metadata.
When using the data, the original data source should always be cited (found in readme and metadata document). Abbreviations used: AWI: Alfred Wegener Institute, Potsdam; CALM: Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring through Arctic Data Center; CEN/Nordicana: Center for Northern Studies, Canada; FMI: Finnish Meteorological Institute; GEM: Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring; IARC: International Arctic Research Center, Fairbanks, US; NGEE: Next Generation Ecosystem Experiments, Fairbanks, US; NMI: Norwegian Meteorological Institute; SILA/Nordicana: SILA Network at Center for Northern Studies, Canada; SMHI: Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute; WMO: World Meteorological Organization via Meteostat.net; DMI: Danish Meteorological Institut; NOAA: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Global Monitoring Laboratory.

 

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Additional details

Funding

University of Copenhagen
When Winter is Weird: Quantifying the change in winters across the Arctic 2023-1255

References

  • "Boike, Julia; Nitzbon, Jan; Anders, Katharina; Grigoriev, Mikhail N; Bolshiyanov, Dimitry Yu; Langer, Moritz; Lange, Stephan; Bornemann, Niko; Morgenstern, Anne; Schreiber, Peter; Wille, Christian; Chadburn, Sarah; Gouttevin, Isabelle; Kutzbach, Lars (2019): Measurements in soil and air at Samoylov Station (2002-2018), version 201908. Alfred Wegener Institute - Research Unit Potsdam, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.905236 (data 2002-2018).
  • Boike, J., Nitzbon, J., Anders, K., Grigoriev, M., Bolshiyanov, D., Langer, M., Lange, S., Bornemann, N., Morgenstern, A., Schreiber, P., Wille, C., Chadburn, S., Gouttevin, I., Burke, E., and Kutzbach, L.: A 16-year record (2002 2017) of permafrost, active-layer, and meteorological conditions at the Samoylov Island Arctic permafrost research site, Lena River delta, northern Siberia: an opportunity to validate remote-sensing data and land surface, snow, and permafrost models, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 261-299, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-261-2019, 2019.
  • CALM Metadata (gwu.edu); Mazhitova G., Malkova (Ananjeva) G., Chestnykh O., Zamolodchikov D. 2004. Active-layer spatial and temporal variability at European Russian Circumpolar-Active-Layer-Monitoring (CALM) sites. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes,15. P. 123 139.
  • Mazhitova, G.G. & Kaverin, D.A. 2007. Thaw depth dynamics and soil surface subsidence at a Circumpolar active layer monitoring (CALM) site, the European north of Russia. Kriosfera Zemli XI(4): 20-30.
  • Mazhitova, G.G. et al. 2008. Recent Decade Thaw-Depth Dynamics in the European Russian Arctic, Based on the Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) Data. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Permafrost, Fairbanks, Alaska, Vol. 2, 1155-1160
  • Kugluktuk Permafrost Research Team 2023. Ground temperature in Kugluktuk, Nunavut, Canada, v. 1.1.0 (2019-2023). Nordicana D120, doi: 10.5885/45852CE-5C9390F6248C47D1. CEN 2020. Climate station data from the Robert-Bourassa Reservoir region.
  • CEN 2022. Climate station data from Bylot Island in Nunavut, Canada, v. 1.12.0 (1992-2022). Nordicana D2, doi: 10.5885/45039SL-EE76C1BDAADC4890.
  • Domine, F., Lackner, G., Poirier, M., Sarrazin,D. 2022. Meteorological, snow and soil data on shrub tundra at Bylot Island, Canadian High Arctic, v. 1 (2016-2019). Nordicana D101, doi: 10.5885/45786CE-3A2A2BFB295D4BE2.
  • ESSD - Meteorological, snow and soil data (2013-2019) from a herb tundra permafrost site at Bylot Island, Canadian high Arctic, for driving and testing snow and land surface models (copernicus.org)
  • Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring: Data from the Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring Programme were provided by the Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Denmark in collaboration with Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Copenhagen University, Denmark and Asiaq Greenland Survey, Nuuk, Greenland. Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring (2024). GeoBasis Disko - Soil - AWS2-GroundTemperatureP1 (Version 1.0). [Data set] [CC-BY-SA-4.0]. Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring. https://doi.org/10.17897/3T7W-7638.
  • Finnish Meteorological Institute, accessed here: https://litdb.fmi.fi/index.php. https://litdb.fmi.fi/GENERAL_DATA_DISCLAIMER.pdf Citation: Finnish Meteorological Institute
  • IARC: International Arctic Research Center, Fairbanks, US; accessed at http://monitors.iarc.uaf.edu/ngee-barrow/data-site-a.php, https://ine.uaf.edu/werc/projects/seward/council-site/c1-grid/station-information.html and https://ine.uaf.edu/werc/projects/seward/index.html Citation: International Arctic Research Center
  • Krassovski M; Riggs J (2019): NGEE Arctic Meteorological Data from Instrumented PCDC Stations, Council Site, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2018 - 2023. Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE) Arctic, ESS-DIVE repository. Dataset. doi:10.5440/1529604
  • Wilson C; Lathrop E; Bolton R; Jin X; Nutt M; Dann J (2022): In Situ Soil Moisture and Thaw Depth Measurements Coincident with Airborne SAR Data Collections, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2019. Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE) Arctic, ESS-DIVE repository. Dataset. doi:10.5440/1856042
  • Dengel S; Chafe O; Cook P; Torn M (2020): NGEE Arctic Soil Micro-warming Experiment Temperature Profiles, Council Road Mile Marker 71, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2017-2019. Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE) Arctic, ESS-DIVE repository. Dataset. doi:10.5440/1634215
  • Norwegian Meteorological Institute; accessed at https://frost.met.no/index.html. Citations: Credit should be given to The Norwegian Meteorological institute, shortened "MET Norway", as the source of data. Some suggestions: "Data from The Norwegian Meteorological Institute", Based on data from MET Norway".
  • SILA/Nordicana: SILA Network at Center for Northern Studies, Canada; https://nordicana.cen.ulaval.ca/en_index.aspx. Citation: CEN 2020. Environmental data from Boniface river region in Nunavik, Quebec, Canada, v. 1.3 (1988-2019). Nordicana D7, doi: 10.5885/45129SL-DBDA2A77C0094963.
  • SMHI: Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute; accessed at: https://www.smhi.se/data/utforskaren-oppna-data. Citation: Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute
  • Abisko Scientific Research Station (2022). Meteorological data from Latnjajaure, Field Station AWS, 2020 [Data set]. Swedish Infrastructure for Ecosystem Science (SITES). https://hdl.handle.net/11676.1/VUyhb6J-Uhd3Vkg7bCaGkciG
  • WMO: World Meteorological Organization accessed via https://dev.meteostat.net/sources.html. Citation: Source: Meteostat.
  • DMI: Danish Meteorological Institute, accessed by personal communications with thanks to Ruth Mottram, but also available at https://www.dmi.dk/frie-data. Citation: Danish Meteorological Institute: Weather Observations from Greenland 1958-2022 - Observational Data with Description DMI Report 23-08
  • NOAA: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Global Monitoring Laboratory, accessed here: https://gml.noaa.gov/dv/data/?site=brw Citation: NOAA/OAR/GML Baseline Observatories