Health status of mentally handicapped attending special school in Central India with special reference to BMI status: A cross sectional study
Authors/Creators
- 1. International Journal of Medical Science and Innovative Research (IJMSIR)
Description
Abstract
Background: Mental handicap is a condition of sub-average intellectual function combined with deficits in adaptive behavior. It affects 2% of India's population. Compared to the general population individuals with Intellectual Disability (ID) engage in less than the recommended amount of physical activity leading to higher body mass index (BMI) that in turn increases the risk of various metabolic disorders. Also they often struggle with nutritional issues, resulting in underweight. Hence this study was undertaken to study the health status of mentally handicapped individuals with special reference to their BMI status and some factors associated with BMI status.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jeevoday Special School, Sadar, and Nagpur between October 2022 to December 2022 among 300 mentally handicapped who were above 5 years of age. Data was collected by face-to-face interview method from teachers and parents regarding sociodemographic details, Intelligence Quotient (IQ), and type of disability among mentally handicapped individuals. Anthropometric measurements of participants were taken and BMI was derived. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.
Results: The mean age of participants was 17.77 ± 9.178 years. The majority of participants were ≥ 21 years old, males (64.7%), studying in vocational class (34%), had IDD (57.3%) and mild level of mental retardation (62.7%). The mean BMI was 19.9 ± 5.23, the majority (54.7%) of participants had normal weight, 18% were underweight, 18% overweight and 9.3% obese. BMI status was significantly associated with chronological age, gender and level of mental retardation while chronological age and gender were the significant predictors of BMI.
Conclusions: The majority (54.7%) of participants had normal weight, 18% were underweight, 18% were overweight and 9.3% were obese. Mean and standard deviation of BMI was 19.9 ± 5.23. BMI status was significantly associated with chronological age, gender and level of mental retardation while chronological age and gender were the significant predictors of BMI.
Files
ASTHA.pdf
Files
(980.8 kB)
| Name | Size | Download all |
|---|---|---|
|
md5:22869aa1c8d0c9c7a2349eec03bab04b
|
980.8 kB | Preview Download |
Additional details
Software
- Repository URL
- https://ijmsir.com/issue/archive_issue/105/Issue%202%20March
References
- 1. Parks Textbook of preventive and social medicine, 27 th ed.M/s Banarsidas Bhanot publishers. Jabalpur: 50.Accessed 2 February 2024. 2. APA_DSM-5-Intellectual-Disability.pdf. Accessed 29 January 2024. 3. ICD-11https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m / en #/ http : //id.who.int /icd/entity/605267007\Accessed 29 January 2024. 4. Melville, C. A., Cooper, S.-A., Morrison, J., Allan, L., Smiley, E., & Williamson, A. (2008). The Prevalence and Determinants of Obesity in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 21(5), 425–437. 5. Gal, E., Hardal, N. R. and Engel, Y. B. 2011. The relationship between the severity of eating problems and intellectual developmental deficit level. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32, 1464–1469. 6. Sahin H, Nogay NH. Does the severity of intellectual disability affect the nutritional status of intellectually disabled children and adolescents? Int J Dev Disabil. 2021 May 27;68(6):956-963. 7. Nogay NH. Nutritional status in mentally disabled children and adolescents: A study from Western Turkey. Pak J Med Sci 2013;29(2): 614-618. 8. Sanjay P, Nadgir A. To find the prevalence of obesity and overweight among children having mental retardation in age group 5 to 15 years in Dharwad urban. Int J Health Sci Res. 2013;3(1):7-13. 9. VishvanathPise et al Body mass index status among children with intellectual disability International Journal of Physiology, Nutrition and Physical Education 2019; 4(1): 106-108 10. Ptomey LT, Walpitage DL, Mohseni M, Dreyer Gillette ML, Davis AM, Forseth B, Dean EE, Waitman LR. Weight status and associated comorbidities in children and adults with Down syndrome, autism spectrum disorder and intellectual and developmental disabilities. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2020 Sep;64(9):725-737. 11. Raghi H et al Prevalence of Obesity in Mentally Disabled Children attending Special education institute in Khartoum State. Imedpub Journals 2016 Vol.1 No.1:4 12. Cordell AA. Obesity and Obesity-Related Secondary Conditions Among Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Residing in Group Homes (Doctoral dissertation, Kent State University). 13. Hilal Sahin & Nalan Hakime Nogay (2021): Does severity of intellectual disability affect the nutritional status of intellectually disabled children and adolescents?, International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2021.1930828. 14. Kampasová, Jitka&Válková, Hana. (2019). BMI Indicators in Children with Intellectual Disabilities. Studia sportiva. 13. 85. 10.5817/sts2019-1-9. 15. Farhadifar F, Ghotbi N, Yari A, Haydarpur M, Mohammadzadeh H, Afkhamzadeh A, et al. Risk factors associated with Borderline Intelligence in Schoolchildren: A Case-Control Study. Pak J Med Sci. 2011;27(1):102-106. 16. Curtin et al.: The prevalence of obesity in children with autism: a secondary data analysis using nationally representative data from the National Survey of Children's Health. BMC Pediatrics 2010 10:11. 17. Maity A, Gupta K. Nutritional status of mentally retarded children and correlation between prenatal care and mental retardation. Indian J Maternal Child Health. 2010;12(4):1-9. 18. Xiong N, Ji C, Li Y, He Z, Bo H, Zhao Y: The physical status of children with autism in China. Res Dev Disabil 2009, 30:70-76. 19. Akinbami LJ, Ogden CL: Childhood overweight prevalence in the United States: the impact of parent-reported height and weight. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009, 17:1574-1580 20. Dreyer M, Egan A, Kippes C, Andrews J, May M: Obesity and overweight among patients diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders. Obesity 2008, 16(Suppl 1):S284. 21. Dewey D, Cantell M, Crawford SG: Motor and gestural performance in children with autism spectrum disorders, developmental coordination disorder, and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2007, 13:246-256. 22. Mathur M, Bhargava R, Benipal R, Luthra N, Basu S, Kaur J, et al. Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status in Mentally Retarded Children and Adolescents: A study from North Western India. J Indian Assoc Child AdolescMent Health. 2007;3(2):18-20. 23. Schreck KA, Williams K: Food preferences and factors influencing food selectivity for children with autism spectrum disorders. Res Dev Disabil 2006, 27:353-363 24. Yamaki K. Body weight status among adults with intellectual disability in the community. Ment Retard. 2005 Feb;43(1):1-10. 25. Curtin C, Bandini LG, Perrin EC, Tybor DJ, Must A: Prevalence of overweight in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorders: a chart review. BMC Pediatr 2005, 5:48. 26. Williams PG, Dalrymple N, Neal J: Eating habits of children with autism. PediatrNurs 2000, 26:259-264.