Published May 6, 2025 | Version v1
Book chapter Open

Genetically Modified Crops In Agriculture

Authors/Creators

  • 1. Department of Botany, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil-4, Tamilnadu, India. (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli Distrist - Pin 627001.
  • 2. I B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
  • 3. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, Tamilnadu, India

Description

Genetically modified (GM) crops have revolutionized modern agriculture by enabling the direct manipulation of plant genomes to enhance traits such as pest resistance, herbicide tolerance, drought resilience, and nutritional quality. These crops are developed using advanced molecular biology techniques that allow for the introduction or modification of specific genes. GM crops offer numerous benefits including increased yield, reduced dependency on chemical inputs, and enhanced food security. Despite their promise, they also raise concerns regarding environmental safety, human health, ethical implications, and socio-economic impacts. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of genetically modified crops, focusing on their development, techniques, practical examples, importance in agriculture, and future directions

Files

3. Albino Wins. J.pdf

Files (180.4 kB)

Name Size Download all
md5:b7d55daa64d318d520f32538681e3988
180.4 kB Preview Download

Additional details

References

  • 1. Baulcombe, D. (2004). RNA silencing in plants. Nature, 431(7006), 356–363. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02874 2. Bortesi, L., & Fischer, R. (2015). The CRISPR/Cas9 system for plant genome editing and beyond. Biotechnology Advances, 33(1), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.12.006 3. Brookes, G., & Barfoot, P. (2014). GM crops: Global socio-economic and environmental impacts 1996–2012. PG Economics Ltd. 4. Bruening, G., & Lyons, J. M. (2000). The case of the FLAVR SAVR tomato. California Agriculture, 54(4), 6–7. 5. Carpenter, J. E. (2010). Peer-reviewed surveys indicate positive impact of commercialized GM crops. Nature Biotechnology, 28(4), 319–321. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0410-319 6. Duke, S. O., & Powles, S. B. (2009). Glyphosate-resistant crops and weeds: Now and in the future. AgBioForum, 12(3–4), 346–357. 7. FAO. (2019). The state of food and agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 8. Gelvin, S. B. (2003). Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation: The biology behind the "gene-jockeying" tool. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 67(1), 16–37. https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.67.1.16-37.2003 9. Gonsalves, D. (1998). Control of papaya ringspot virus in papaya: A case study. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 36, 415–437. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.36.1.415 10. ISAAA. (2020). Global status of commercialized biotech/GM crops: 2020 (ISAAA Brief No. 55). International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications. 11. James, C. (2014). Global status of commercialized biotech/GM crops: 2014 (ISAAA Brief No. 49). ISAAA. 12. Jinek, M., Chylinski, K., Fonfara, I., Hauer, M., Doudna, J. A., & Charpentier, E. (2012). A programmable dual-RNA–guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity. Science, 337(6096), 816–821. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1225829 13. Kranthi, K. R., Jadhav, D. R., Wanjari, R. R., Ali, S. S., & Russell, D. A. (2005). Insecticide resistance in five major insect pests of cotton in India. Crop Protection, 24(6), 579–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2004.12.011 14. Nap, J. P., Metz, P. L. J., Escaler, M., & Conner, A. J. (2003). The release of genetically modified crops into the environment. The Plant Journal, 33(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0960-7412.2002.001607.x 15. National Academy of Sciences. (2016). Genetically engineered crops: Experiences and prospects. The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/23395 16. Paarlberg, R. (2014). Food politics: What everyone needs to know. Oxford University Press. 17. Prakash, C. S. (2001). The genetically modified crop debate in the context of agricultural evolution. Plant Physiology, 126(1), 8–15. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.126.1.8 18. Pray, C. E., Huang, J., Hu, R., & Rozelle, S. (2002). Five years of Bt cotton in China—The benefits continue. The Plant Journal, 31(4), 423–430. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.2002.01332.x 19. Potrykus, I. (2001). Golden rice and beyond. Plant Physiology, 125(3), 1157–1161. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.125.3.1157 20. Qaim, M. (2009). The economics of genetically modified crops. Annual Review of Resource Economics, 1, 665–694. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.resource.050708.144203 21. Ricroch, A. E., Bergé, J. B., & Kuntz, M. (2011). Evaluation of genetically engineered crops using transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic profiling techniques. Plant Physiology, 155(4), 1752–1761. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.111.173609 22. Tester, M., & Langridge, P. (2010). Breeding technologies to increase crop production in a changing world. Science, 327(5967), 818–822. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1183700 23. Ye, X., Al-Babili, S., Klöti, A., Zhang, J., Lucca, P., Beyer, P., & Potrykus, I. (2000). Engineering the provitamin A (β-carotene) biosynthetic pathway into (carotenoid-free) rice endosperm. Science, 287(5451), 303–305. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5451.303