Dataset - From Steady to Pulsatile Flow in Molecular Communication: Propagation of Nanoparticles in Mid-sized Arteries

This dataset provides access to the simulation results of the following publication:  From Steady to Pulsatile Flow in Molecular Communication: Propagation of Nanoparticles in Mid-sized Arteries [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2025.3608558]

Please cite the stated publication in case you're using any of the provided data for your own research.

Short abstract of the paper:

In this work, we propose a simulation-based analysis of particle propagation in the radial artery under pulsatile flow in comparison to classical laminar flow. The effect of elastic channel walls compared to rigid walls is investigated. Our results reveal that in the case of pulsatile flow, the channel impulse response is formed by a series of sharp
peaks synchronous to the cardiac cycle instead of the long-tailed shape of laminar flow. In particular, 70 % of particle movement occurs in the first 30 % of each cardiac cycle. The results indicate a strong impact of pulsatile flow on inter-symbol interference and thus the design of demodulation algorithms in MC as well as on the design of steering approaches in MDT.

Description of the data set:

We have published our simulation data and the COMSOL simulation setup for particle propagation under pulsatile flow in the radial artery on Zenodo under the CC BY and MIT licenses, respectively. The data is provided in the form of table files. Researchers are welcome to use our dataset.

Structure and content:

• "boundary_condition/" - folder that contains table files for data defining the simulation boundary conditions
  • "Parameters_Simulation-Setup.xlsx" - table file that lists the constant simulation parameters
  • "In_flow_data_radial-watanabe.xlsx" - table file that contains time series data of the volumetric flow rate at the inlet of the vessel. The table has two columns, the first column defines the time in [s], the second column the defines the flow rate in [m^3/s]. 
  • "In_mass-flow_data_radial-watanabe.xlsx" - table file that contains time series data of the mass flow rate at the inlet of the vessel. The table has two columns, the first column defines the time in [s], the second column the defines the mass flow rate in [kg/s]. This data can also be obtained by multiplying the volumetric flow rate with the defined density.
  • Note: The flow data has been obtained from the publication of Watanabe et al. [DOI: 10.1051/m2an/2012053].
    The vessel data has been obtained by Reymond et al. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00037.2009].
    The elastic modulus has been calculated according to Xiao et al. [DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2598]. 
    
    
• "simulation_files/" - folder that contains the simulation file for the rigid 3D simulation.
  • "Radial_Artery_Pulsatile-Flow_3D.mph" - COMSOL simulation file that contains the flow simulation setup and the particle simulation setup including boundary conditions as well as the vessel topology with the choosen mesh. The simulation results are not saved here to decrease the file size. The simulation has to be executed again in order to obtain the results. Otherwise we refer to the folder with the simulation results provided as table files.

• "simulation_results_impulse_response_plot/" - folder that contains plots (image files), which display the single channel impulse responses and their cumulative plots.
  The folder contains one plot for each model and some plots, where the results for different models are plotted together.
  
  
• "simulation_results/" - folder that contains table files for the simulation results.
  • "laminar_study.xlsx" - results for laminar flow
  • "pulsatile_study_1D_rigid.xlsx" - results for the 1D-GDE model, describing particle propagation for pulsatile flow in a rigid vessel.
  • "pulsatile_study_1D_elastic.xlsx" - results for the 1D-GDE model, describing particle propagation for pulsatile flow in an elastic vessel.
  • "pulsatile_study_3D_rigid.xlsx" - results for the 3D-Navier Stokes model (COMSOL), describing particle propagation for pulsatile flow in a rigid vessel.
    •  "pulsatile_study_3D_rigid_r-theta.xlsx" - results for the radial (r in [m]) and angular (theta in [rad]) position of the single particles for each time step.
      Note: The radial and angular position does not seem to be influenced by the pulsating flow, i.e. it is almost constant. The first row contains the time steps!

Each table file (except "pulsatile_study_3D_rigid_r-theta.xlsx") of the simulation results has four sheets of data:

1. Metadata: Stores simulation specific metadata, in this case only the particle count.
2. Particle_Position_r: The radial position (fixed) of each particle in a row-style (one row per particle).
   The radial position is given in [m].
3. Particle_Position_x: The axial position (time-varying) of each particle in a row-column style (one row per particle, one column per time step).
   The axial position is given in [m].
   Note: The first row contains the time steps!
4. Channel_Impulse_Response: The CIR (time-varying) and its respective integral CCIR (time-varying) in a column style (one column per time step).
   The CIR is given in [%/s] and the CCIR in [%]. The absolute particle numbers can be retrieved by multiplying with the given particle count.
   Note: The first row contains the time steps!

In case of open questions or general inquiries, feel free to contact:

• Luiz Wille
  •  Email: luiz.wille@fau.de 

Further References:

This work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) -- project-ID 509922606, within the research training group 2950: Synthetic Molecular Communication Across Different Scales: From Theory to Experiments (SyMoCADS).