ChinaHighCO: Daily Seamless 1 km Ground-Level CO Dataset for China (2019–Present)

ChinaHighCO is part of a series of long-term, seamless, high-resolution, and high-quality datasets of air pollutants for China (i.e., ChinaHighAirPollutants, CHAP). It is generated from big data sources (e.g., ground-based measurements, satellite remote sensing products, atmospheric reanalysis, and model simulations) using artificial intelligence, taking into account the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of air pollution.

Here is the big data-derived seamless (spatial coverage = 100%) daily, monthly, and yearly 1 km (i.e., D1K, M1K, and Y1K) ground-level CO dataset for China from 2019 to the present. This dataset exhibits high quality, with a cross-validation coefficient of determination (CV-R²) of 0.80, a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.18 mg m^-3, and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.11 mg m^-3 on a daily basis.

If you use the ChinaHighCO dataset in your scientific research, please cite the following references (Wei et al., ACP, 2023; Yang et al., ACP, 2026):

• Wei, J., Li, Z., Wang, J., Li, C., Gupta, P., and Cribb, M. Ground-level gaseous pollutants (NO₂, SO₂, and CO) in China: daily seamless mapping and spatiotemporal variations. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2023, 23, 1511–1532. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1511-2023

• Yang, Z., Cheng, F., Gao, J., Liu, H., and Wei, J. Satellite observations reveal heterogeneous atmospheric composition responses to rapid emission changes. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2026, 26, 7933–7947. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-7933-2026

Note that the ChinaHighCO dataset is also available for periods prior to 2019, but at a spatial resolution of 10 km:

        all (including daily) data for the years 2013–2018 are accessible at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4641530

More CHAP datasets for different air pollutants are available at: https://weijing-rs.github.io/product.html