ABS Nanocomposites for Advanced Technical and Biomedical Applications

This study investigated the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties
of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)‐based nanocomposites reinforced with different
types and concentrations of nanofillers. The uniaxial tensile testing results indicated that
Young’s modulus (E) generally decreased with increasing filler content, except at 0.500
w.% filler concentration, where a slight increase in stiffness was observed. A statistically
significant interaction between sample type and filler concentration was identified (p =
0.045). Fracture toughness measurements revealed a significant reduction in impact resistance
at 1.000 w.% filler concentration, with values dropping by up to 67% compared
with neat acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. Dynamic mechanical vibration testing confirmed
a decrease in stiffness, as evidenced by a shift of the first resonance frequency (fR1)
to lower values. Hardness measurements including indentation and Shore D hardness
exhibited an increasing trend with rising filler concentration, with statistically significant
differences observed at specific concentration levels (p < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy
analysis showed that nanofillers were well dispersed at lower concentrations, but
agglomeration began above 0.500 w.%, resulting in void formation and a noticeable decline
in mechanical properties. The results suggest that an optimal filler concentration
range of 0.250–0.500 w.% offers an ideal balance between enhanced mechanical properties
and material integrity.