TURN's Distinctive Contribution: A Teleological Model for Cognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral Flourishing

TURN is a structured, stepwise cognitive transformation method designed to guide individuals from states of languishing to flourishing. Rooted firmly in positive psychology (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000) and informed by key psychological theories, TURN remains distinct from established therapeutic frameworks, motivational strategies, and cognitive-behavioral methods. This preprint explicitly delineates the unique psychological architecture of TURN, contrasting it with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT; Beck, 1979), Wish-Outcome-Obstacle-Plan (WOOP; Oettingen, 2014), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT; Hayes, Strosahl & Wilson, 1999), explanatory style (Seligman, 1991), hope theory (Snyder, 1994), and broaden-and-build theory (Fredrickson, 2001). TURN’s operational mechanism, “Inversing” (Abrahams, 2025), and its grounding in the NARMA model of languishing (Abrahams, 2025) are clearly articulated, positioning TURN as innovative and complementary to existing positive psychology literature.