THE EVOLUTION OF ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS: HISTORICAL AND MODERN PERSPECTIVES

Phraseological units such as idioms, proverbs, and set expressions—form an integral part of the English language, carrying cultural, historical, and social significance. Their evolution has been shaped by various linguistic, literary, and societal influences over centuries. This article explores the historical development of English phraseological units, beginning with their roots in Old and Middle English and tracing their transformation through significant literary works, socio-political changes, and cultural shifts. Traditionally, modern developments, particularly the role of globalization, digital communication, and media, are discussed to highlight the ways in which contemporary phraseological units are formed, spread, and adapted. The study also addresses the challenges of maintaining linguistic heritage while embracing innovation, as well as the influence of cultural diversity on the evolving nature of phraseology. By analyzing both historical and modern perspectives, this article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how English phraseological units continue to develop, reflecting the dynamic and ever-changing nature of the language.