Security-Constrained Inertial Response Provision in Distribution Grids

In this paper, an enhanced coordination strategy is proposed to facilitate the provision of virtual inertia (VI) in grid-connected distribution grids. Its distinct characteristic is the introduction of a proactive mechanism that determines the operating points of the main network elements, e.g., converter-interfaced renewable energy sources (CIRESs), to: (a) optimize the network operation in terms of reducing network losses and curtailment of green energy (b) meet the security and reliability standards under normal conditions and during VI provision. This is attained by solving an optimization problem where the operating set-points of CIRESs are calculated to meet the operating constraints both at normal conditions and during frequency events, while achieving the above optimization objectives. Time-domain and time-series simulations are conducted on the IEEE European low-voltage Test Feeder to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach.