Overcoming Data Barriers: Digital Inclusion and Equitable Public Services for People with Disabilities in Thailand.

This Zenodo repository contains data, AMOS model files, and documentation related to the research article:  
**"Overcoming Data Barriers: Digital Inclusion and Equitable Public Services for People with Disabilities in Thailand."**  

The study examines **the accessibility and efficiency of public services for people with disabilities in Thailand**. It evaluates disparities between government officials and people with disabilities in data-driven governance practices, focusing on **Digital Inclusion**. Using **Multi-Group Structural Equation Modeling (multi-SEM)**, the research analyzes variations in accessibility, policy implementation, and public service outcomes.  

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📂 **Files Included**
✅ **De-identified dataset (`.csv`)** – An anonymized dataset structured according to the study variables  
✅ **AMOS model files (`.amw`)** – AMOS files used for Multi-Group SEM analysis  
✅ **README file** – Explains dataset structure, variables, and usage  

Extended data
The repository also contains the following extended data used in the study:
•    Ethics Certification with Research Participant Information and Survey Questionnaire (Ethics_Certification_Research_Participant_Info_and_Survey_TH.pdf and Ethics_Certification_Research_Participant_Info_and_Survey_EN.pdf) – This document contains the ethics certification, participant information sheet, and survey questionnaire. 
o    The Thai version contains the ethics certification stamp, which is the original version.
o    The English version has been translated for sharing and is available alongside the Thai version.
o    Both versions have undergone redaction to remove personally identifiable information.
•    Figures
o    Figure 1: Data Governance Factors for Auditing Public Services for People with Disabilities in Thailand Model (Figure1.TIFF)
o    Figure 2: Multi-Group Causal Models Influencing Audit Data Governance in Public Service Delivery (Figure2.TIFF)
•    Tables
o    Table 1: Factors Influencing Audit Data Governance in Public Services for People with Disabilities (Table1.xlsx)
o    Table 2: Number and Percentage Classified by Characteristics of the Sample Group (Table2.xlsx)
o    Table 3: Standards and Thresholds for Multi-group MG-SEM (Table3.xlsx)
o    Table 4: Regression Weights for SEM Model by Public Service Provider and Public Service Recipient (Table4.xlsx)
o    Table 5: Comparison of Path Coefficients and Model Fit for Structural Weights in MG-SEM (Table5.xlsx)
o    Table 6: Model Comparison (Table6.xlsx)
o    Table 7: Policy Recommendations and Practical Guidelines (Table7.xlsx)
Reporting guidelines
This study follows the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) (von Elm et al., 2007) guidelines for reporting observational research.
•    The STROBE checklist is available at Zenodo: 🔗 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15058329

Licensing
Data are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0) license (🔗 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction, provided the original authorship is properly cited.

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## 📊 **How to Use the Data**
1. **Dataset (`.csv`)** can be opened in **IBM SPSS Statistics**, **Jamovi**, or other statistical software that supports CSV format.

2. **AMOS Model Files (`.amw`)** can be loaded into **IBM SPSS AMOS (Version 24.0)** for analysis.  
   - The dataset (`.csv`) can also be used to create a **Multi-Group SEM model in Jamovi** using the **jSEM module**.  
   - This module is based on the **lavaan package in R** and allows structural equation modeling without requiring AMOS.  
   - **For guidance on setting up the model, please refer to the official documentation and tutorials for Jamovi and jSEM.**  

📌 **For more details on jSEM and lavaan, visit:**  
- 🔗 **Jamovi jSEM module documentation**: [https://jamovi.org](https://jamovi.org)  
- 🔗 **lavaan package documentation**: [https://lavaan.ugent.be/](https://lavaan.ugent.be/)  

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## 🔐 **Ethical Considerations & Data Access Policy**
The **de-identified dataset (`.csv`) and AMOS model files (`.amw`) are openly available** under the **Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0) license** at:  
🔗 **[https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15058329]
]**  

However, due to ethical and privacy concerns, certain **sensitive data** that could lead to re-identification of participants **are not publicly available**. These restricted data are stored in a **controlled-access repository**.  

### 📌 **For access requests, please follow these steps:**
1️⃣ **Submit a formal request** via email to the corresponding author.  
2️⃣ **Provide details** on research purpose and intended data usage.  
3️⃣ **Sign a Data Use Agreement (DUA)** ensuring compliance with ethical guidelines.  

Requests will be reviewed on a **case-by-case basis** to ensure compliance with research integrity standards.  

📧 **For inquiries, please contact:** **ch.sitt@gmail.com**  
🏛 **Mahidol University**