Study of the Bioecology, and Composition of Venom of Tords (Amphibia: Anura)

Toads belong to the group of two anurans, an order of amphibians characterized by the absence of a tail in the adult phase. The toxins produced by toad hairs, usually not harmful to humans, can be dangerous for pet animals, such as cats and dogs. When rapidly absorbed by the mucous membranes, these substances can trigger symptoms ranging from increased saliva to more serious problems, such as seizures. Study of the bioecology, and composition of venom of toard (Amphibia: Anura). Extensive research was carried out in the available literature, focusing on poisonous toads. The investigation opened various databases, including UpToDate, MEDLINE, Scielo, Google Scholar, and PubMed, covering the period from 1991 to the beginning of 2024.