Published 2010 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Evaluación de la cáscara del aguacate para la remoción de cromo hexavalente y cromo total de soluciones acuosas

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RESUMEN

El propósito principal de este trabajo fue evaluar el potencial de la cáscara del aguacate variedad Hass para remover cromo hexavalente [Cr(VI)] y cromo total de soluciones acuosas. Se encontró que la cáscara del aguacate disminuyó rápidamente las concentraciones de Cr(VI) y cromo total en las primeras 24 h de contacto; a tiempos posteriores las concentraciones continuaron disminuyendo pero a menor velocidad. En todos los tiempos de contacto ensayados la capacidad de remoción de Cr(VI) fue superior a la de remoción de cromo total, lo que sugiere que la cáscara del aguacate redujo parte del Cr(VI) inicialmente presente en la solución acuosa a cromo trivalente [Cr(III)]. Las capacidades de remoción de Cr(VI) y cromo total más altas se alcanzaron a las 120 h de contacto, con valores de 101.81 y 63.88 mg g-1, respectivamente. Se observó un comportamiento opuesto para las velocidades volumétricas de remoción de Cr(VI) y cromo total. El sistema de biosorción de cromo usando la cáscara del aguacate como biosorbente fue descrito por el modelo cinético de pseudo-segundo orden, lo que sugiere que el paso limitante de la velocidad fue una sorción química que involucró fuerzas de valencia a través del comparto o intercambio de electrones entre la cáscara del aguacate y los iones cromo, la complejación, coordinación y/o la quelación. Con base en los resultados se concluye que la cáscara del aguacate variedad Hass podría ser potencialmente útil para remover Cr(VI) y cromo total de soluciones acuosas.

Palabras clave: Cáscara del aguacate, biosorción, cromo hexavalente, cinética.

ABSTRACT

The main purpose of this work was to evaluate the hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and total chromium removal from aqueous solutions by the Hass avocado shell. It was found that the avocado shell was capable of decreasing the Cr(VI) and total chromium concentrations quickly in the first 24 h of contact time; thereafter, the concentrations continued decreasing but at a lower rate. At all tested contact times, the Cr(VI) removal capacity was higher than the total chromium removal capacity, which suggest that the avocado sell reduced part of the Cr(VI) initially present in the aqueous solution to trivalent chromium [Cr(III)]. The highest Cr(VI) and total chromium removal capacities were reached at 120 h of contact time, with values of 101.81 and 63.88 mg g-1, respectively. The opposite behavior was observed with the volumetric rates of Cr(VI) and total chromium removal. The biosorption system of chromium ions using avocado shell as biosorbent followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model, which suggests that the rate-limiting step was a chemical sorption which involved valance forces through the sharing or exchange of electrons between avocado shell biomass and chromium ions, complexation, coordination and/or chelation. Based on the results, it is concluded that avocado shell could be potentially useful for the removal of Cr(VI) and total chromium from aqueous solutions.

Key words: Avocado shell, biosorption, hexavalent chromium, kinetics.

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