Surface plasmon resonance biosensors and their medical applications

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors are an advanced optical biosensing technology that has been widely used in molecular biology for the investigation of biomolecular interactions and in bioanalytics for the detection of biological species. This work aims to review progress in the development of SPR biosensors for medical diagnostics, focusing mainly on advances in optical platforms and assays enabling analysis of complex biological matrices. Applications of SPR biosensors for the detection of medically relevant analytes, such as nucleic acids, proteins, exosomes, viruses, bacteria, and circulating tumor cells, are also reviewed. The detection performance of current SPR biosensors is discussed, and routes for improving performance and expanding applications of SPR biosensors in medical diagnostics are outlined.