Trouble on the Horizon

Abstract
This paper examines the philosophical and theoretical challenges posed by black holes, with a 
particular focus on contradictions arising from the event horizon in general relativity and quantum 
mechanics. It reviews prominent alternative models—fuzzballs, gravastars, and quantum stars—
and proposes a novel hypothesis, the Oppenheimer-Snyder frozen star, which resolves these issues 
through a reinterpretation of gravitational collapse.