Donkeys: Unsung Heroes of Agriculture, Health, and Sustainability in a Changing World

Abstract: Donkeys, often underestimated in comparison to other domesticated animals, play a crucial and multifaceted role in human society. This work aims to explore the socio-economic, therapeutic, and ecological importance of donkeys, with a focus on their contributions in rural and urban areas worldwide. In regions with limited infrastructure, particularly in Africa, Asia, and the Mediterranean, donkeys provide essential labor in agriculture, transportation, and waste management. Additionally, donkey-derived products such as milk, meat, and skin are gaining increasing attention for their health benefits, driving emerging industries in both local and global markets. Donkey milk, prized for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties, has found a place in the beauty and healthcare sectors, while donkey meat and leather serve as valuable resources in certain cultural contexts. Moreover, donkeys contribute to sustainable land management by mitigating soil erosion, promoting plant regeneration, and reducing grazing pressure on fragile ecosystems, particularly in regions affected by climate change. This paper emphasizes the need for ethical and sustainable donkey farming practices to ensure the continued welfare of these animals and their vital role in supporting both human livelihoods and ecological balance.