HYDROLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL INTERCONNECTIONS OF URBAN WETLANDS OF PRAYAGRAJ

Urban wetlands play a pivotal role in maintaining ecological balance and hydrological stability in rapidly growing cities. This study focuses on the hydrological and ecological interconnections of urban wetlands in Prayagraj, a city with a rich cultural and environmental heritage. The research investigates the role of these wetlands in groundwater recharge, flood mitigation, biodiversity support, and urban climate regulation. A combination of GIS mapping and field surveys was employed to assess the current status, hydrological functions and ecological contributions of key urban wetlands, including their connectivity to the Ganga and Yamuna river systems.
The findings reveal that wetlands in Prayagraj significantly contribute to groundwater recharge, with an estimated annual recharge capacity of 10-12 million cubic meters. They act as natural buffers during monsoon seasons, reducing flood risks by absorbing up to 35% of surface runoff. Ecologically, these wetlands support a diverse range of flora and fauna, with over 56 species of birds and 38 species of aquatic plants documented. However, urban encroachment and pollution have degraded many wetlands, reducing their hydrological efficiency and ecological value by nearly 40% over the past two decades.
The study underscores the need for integrated urban wetland management, emphasizing restoration efforts, sustainable urban planning, and community participation. It highlights that preserving these wetlands is not only essential for urban hydrology and biodiversity but also for enhancing the resilience of Prayagraj to climate change impacts. Policymakers are urged to prioritize wetland conservation as a critical component of urban sustainability.