Integration of Photovoltaic Power and Vehicle-to-Grid Technology in Electric Power Systems of Non-Interconnected Islands: A Case Study of Kastellorizo

This thesis investigates the integration of photovoltaic (PV) power generation and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology in electric power systems of non-interconnected islands (NIIs), using the Greek island of Kastellorizo as a case study. The research aims to assess the impact of these technologies on grid stability, performance, and sustainability in isolated electric power systems. A comprehensive model of Kastellorizo’s electric power system was developed using Typhoon Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL), incorporating a 0.5 MW PV power station and two 250 kW V2G-enabled electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. Various operational scenarios were simulated to evaluate system behavior, including PV power station disconnection, sudden load increase, and regular operation. The study analyzes key metrics such as frequency, voltage, power, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions under different scenarios. Results demonstrate that the integration of PV and V2G technology can significantly enhance grid stability, reducing frequency deviations by up to 23.4% during PV disconnection and 10.7% during sudden load increase. The integration of PV alone can reduce reliance on diesel generation by up to 33.73% and lower CO2 emissions by 359.77 kg CO2 for the 3-hour simulation period. This research provides valuable insights into the potential benefits and challenges of integrating renewable energy sources (RES) and V2G technology in NII electric power systems. The findings have important implications for policymakers and researchers working towards more sustainable and resilient energy solutions for isolated grids.