Stem Cells and Biomaterials: A Review of Interactions and Applications

The synergy between stem cells and biomaterials has transformed the landscape of regenerative medicine. This review delves into the dynamic interactions between stem cells and biomaterials, exploring their collective potential in tissue engineering, disease modeling, and therapeutic applications.We dissect the influence of biomaterial properties (e.g., topography, mechanical properties, and surface chemistry) on stem cell fate, including proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Furthermore, we examine the integration of stem cells with biomaterials (e.g., scaffolds, hydrogels, and nanomaterials) to create functional tissue substitutes, and discuss the translational prospects of stem cell-based therapies for various diseases, including tissue repair, wound healing, and degenerative diseases. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the complex interplay between stem cells and biomaterials, highlighting the exciting opportunities and challenges at the forefront of regenerative medicine.