Soil Compaction and Classification Analysis for Enhanced Load-Bearing Capacity in Construction

Soil compaction represents a critical construction procedure that ensures the stability and load-bearing capacity of foundations, particularly in regions characterized by heterogeneous soil properties. This study addresses the paucity of soil compaction data in Khuzdar, Balochistan, by examining the compaction characteristics and classification of soil types in five selected areas: Wadh, Naal, Zehri, Karkh, and Khuzdar City. The research employs the Modified Proctor Test to determine the optimal moisture content and corresponding maximum dry density of soil samples. This methodology was selected due to its suitability for simulating higher energy compaction scenarios, thereby yielding precise assessments vital for structural and agricultural applications. The findings demonstrate variability in the compaction behavior of soils across the study areas, with the optimum moisture content (OMC) ranging from 9.13% in Naal to 11.26% in Zehri. Similarly, the maximum dry density varied significantly, indicating the influence of soil type on compaction characteristics. Soil classification using the soil texture triangle identified the soils in Wadh and Khuzdar City as predominantly loam, while those in Karkh and Naal were categorized as clay loam. Zehri exhibited substantial heterogeneity, with distinct soil types observed over short spatial distances. These results provide critical data for future construction and agricultural endeavors, emphasizing the necessity of thorough soil testing to ensure stability, load-bearing capacity, and environmental compatibility. This study addresses a notable gap in soil data for the Khuzdar region and offers valuable guidance for optimizing soil compaction in construction and land development applications.