A Review on Thuja Plant Species

Thuja occidentalis, also referred to as Arborvitae or Northern White Cedar, is a significant conifer native to eastern North America. Historically valued for its medicinal properties, it was first utilized by Indigenous peoples to treat scurvy during the 16th century.  In traditional medicine, Thuja has been used for various ailments, including respiratory infections, urinary disorders, and skin conditions.In modern applications, it is predominantly utilized in homeopathy and combined with other immunomodulating plants for treating upper respiratory infections. Despite its ecological importance and medicinal applications, there exists a gap in contemporary literature regarding its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy.  This review aims to provide a comprehensive, evidence-based overview of Thuja occidentalis, encompassing its botanical characteristics, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties. We discuss its role in treating infections, its chemical constituents such as essential oils and flavonoids, and its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects.Furthermore, the review addresses the ecological challenges facing northern white cedar populations and emphasizes the need for informed management practices.  By synthesizing current knowledge, this article serves as a vital source for researchers and practitioners interested in the applications and conservation of Thuja occidentalis.