Biodiversity Literature Repository

Submit to community
Liberated Data
Published March 20, 2017 | Version v1
Journal article Restricted

A roadmap for island biology: 50 fundamental questions after 50 years of The Theory of Island Biogeography

Authors/Creators

  • 1. Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobioloǵıa, (IPNA-CSIC), La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain & Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c)/Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, Angra do Heróısmo and Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
  • 2. School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK & Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  • 3. Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c)/Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, Angra do Heróısmo and Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
  • 4. Island Ecology and Biogeography Group, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Ṕublica de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
  • 5. UMR PVBMT, University of La Ŕeunion, P^ole de Protection des Plantes, Saint-Pierre, La Ŕeunion, France
  • 6. Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark & CIBIO/InBio-UE: Centro de Investigaç~ ao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geńeticos, Universidade de ́Evora, ́Evora, Portugal & Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
  • 7. CIBIO-Acores/INBIO: Centro de Investigaç̧~ ao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geńeticos and Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci^encias e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
  • 8. Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c)/Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, Angra do Heróısmo and Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal & Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  • 9. Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
  • 10. Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • 11. Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobioloǵıa, (IPNA-CSIC), La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
  • 12. Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
  • 13. Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
  • 14. Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain & Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ci^encias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Goías, Goi^ania, GO, Brazil
  • 15. Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO-CSIC-PA), Oviedo University, Campus of Mieres, Research Building, Asturias, Spain
  • 16. Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
  • 17. Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c)/Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, Angra do Heróısmo and Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal & GEES (School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences), The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
  • 18. Department of Integrative Ecology, Estacíon Bioĺogica de Do~ nana (CSIC), Seville, Spain
  • 19. Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
  • 20. University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA
  • 21. Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c)/Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, Angra do Heróısmo and Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal & Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain & Departmento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcaĺa, Alcaĺa de Henares, Madrid, Spain
  • 22. Section Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
  • 23. Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c)/Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, Angra do Heróısmo and Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal & Department of Ecology and Taxonomy, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
  • 24. Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin, Germany
  • 25. Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid (CSIC-RJB), Madrid, Spain
  • 26. Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
  • 27. Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobioloǵıa, (IPNA-CSIC), La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain & School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park Norwich, UK

Description

Patiño, Jairo, Whittaker, Robert J., Borges, Paulo A.V., Fernández-Palacios, José María, Ah-Peng, Claudine, Araújo, Miguel B., Ávila, Sergio P., Cardoso, Pedro, Cornuault, Josselin, de Boer, Erik J., de Nascimento, Lea, Gil, Artur, González-Castro, Aarón, Gruner, Daniel S., Heleno, Ruben, Hortal, Joaquín, Illera, Juan Carlos, Kaiser-Bunbury, Christopher N., Matthews, Thomas J., Papadopoulou, Anna, Pettorelli, Nathalie, Price, Jonathan P., Santos, Ana M. C., Steinbauer, Manuel J., Triantis, Kostas A., Valente, Luis, Vargas, Pablo, Weigelt, Patrick, Emerson, Brent C. (2017): A roadmap for island biology: 50 fundamental questions after 50 years of The Theory of Island Biogeography. Journal of Biogeography 44 (5): 963-983, DOI: 10.1111/jbi.12986, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12986

Files

Restricted

The record is publicly accessible, but files are restricted. <a href="https://zenodo.org/account/settings/login?next=https://zenodo.org/records/14767547">Log in</a> to check if you have access.

Linked records

Additional details

Identifiers

LSID
urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:FFF1E9157968FFB8FFDAEC2FFF93FFE3

Cites
Publication: 10.1111/brv.12256 (DOI)
Publication: 10.1111/mec.14037 (DOI)
Publication: 10.1111/conl.12258 (DOI)
Publication: 10.1111/1755-0998.12617 (DOI)
Publication: 10.1111/jbi.12883 (DOI)
Publication: 10.1111/jbi.12857 (DOI)
Has part
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.14767549 (DOI)

References

  • Ali, J.R. & Aitchison, J.C. (2014) Exploring the combined role of eustasy and oceanic island thermal subsidence in shaping biodiversity on the Galapagos. Journal of Biogeography, 41, 1227-1241.
  • Avila, S.P., Melo, C., Berning, B., Cordeiro, R., Landau, B. & da Silva, C.M. (2016) Persististrombus coronatus (Mollusca: Strombidae) in the lower Pliocene of Santa Maria Island (Azores, NE Atlantic): paleoecology, paleoclimatology and paleobiogeographic implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 441, 912-923.
  • Axelsen, J.B., Roll, U., Stone, L. & Solow, A. (2013) Species- area relationships always overestimate extinction rates from habitat loss. Ecology, 94, 761-763.
  • Barnosky, A.D., Hadly, E.A., Bascompte, J. et al. (2012) Approaching a state shift in Earth's biosphere. Nature, 486, 52-58.
  • Barraclough, T.G. (2015) How do species interactions affect evolutionary dynamics across whole communities? Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 46, 25-48.
  • Bellemain, E. & Ricklefs, R.E. (2008) Are islands the end of the colonization road? Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 23, 461-468.
  • Bennett, G.M. & O'Grady, P.M. (2013) Historical biogeography and ecological opportunity in the adaptive radiation of native Hawaiian leafhoppers (Cicadellidae: Nesophrosyne). Journal of Biogeography, 40, 1512-1523.
  • Bentz, J., Dearden, P. & Calado, H. (2013) Strategies for marine wildlife tourism in small islands - the case of the Azores. Journal of Coastal Research, 65, 874-879.
  • Borges, P.A.V., Cardoso, P., Gabriel, R., Ah-Peng, C. & Emerson, B.C. (2016) Challenges, advances and perspectives in island biogeography. Frontiers of Biogeography, 8, 1-10.
  • Borregaard, M.K., Amorim, I.R., Borges, P.A.V., Cabral, J.S., Fernandez-Palacios, J.M., Field, R., Heaney, L.R., Kreft, H., Matthews, T.J., Olesen, J.M., Price, J., Rigal, F., Steinbauer, M.J., Triantis, K.A., Valente, L., Weigelt, P. & Whittaker, R.J. (2016) Oceanic island biogeography through the lens of the general dynamic model: assessment and prospect. Biological Reviews, doi:10.1111/brv.12256.
  • Bowen, L. & Vuren, D.V. (1997) Insular endemic plants lack defenses against herbivores. Conservation Biology, 11, 1249-1254.
  • Boyer, A.G. (2008) Extinction patterns in the avifauna of the Hawaiian islands. Diversity and Distributions, 14, 509-517.
  • Brown, J.H. & Kodric-Brown, A. (1977) Turnover rates in insular biogeography: effect of immigration on extinction. Ecology, 58, 445-449.
  • Burns, K.C., Herold, N. & Wallace, B. (2012) Evolutionary size changes in plants of the south-west Pacific. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 21, 819-828.
  • Cabral, J.S., Weigelt, P., Kissling, W.D. & Kreft, H. (2014) Biogeographic, climatic and spatial drivers differentially affect Oi -, N - and Y -diversities on oceanic archipelagos. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 281, 20133246.
  • Cardillo, M. & Meijaard, E. (2012) Are comparative studies of extinction risk useful for conservation? Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 27, 167-171.
  • Cardoso, P., Rigal, F. & Carvalho, J.C. (2015) BAT - Biodiversity Assessment Tools, an R package for the measurement and estimation of alpha and beta taxon, phylogenetic and functional diversity. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 6, 232-236.
  • Carine, M.A. (2005) Spatio-temporal relationships of the Macaronesian endemic flora: a relictual series or window of opportunity? Taxon, 54, 895-903.
  • Carine, M.A., Russell, S.J., Santos-Guerra, A. & Francisco-Ortega, J. (2004) Relationships of the Macaronesian and Mediterranean floras: molecular evidence for multiple colonizations into Macaronesia and back-colonization of the continent in Convolvulus (Convolvulaceae). American Journal of Botany, 91, 1070-1085.
  • Carlquist, S.J. (1974) Island biology. Columbia University Press, New York, USA.
  • Carson, H.L. (1968) The population flush and its genetic consequences. Population biology and evolution (ed. by R.C. Lewontin), pp. 123-137. Syracuse University Press, New York.
  • Carstensen, D.W., Dalsgaard, B., Svenning, J.-C., Rahbek, C., Fjeldsra, J., Sutherland, W.J. & Olesen, J.M. (2013) The functional biogeography of species: biogeographical species roles of birds in Wallacea and the West Indies. Ecography, 36, 1097-1105.
  • Caujape-Castells, J. (2011) Jesters, red queens, boomerangs and surfers: a molecular outlook on the diversity of the Canarian endemic flora. The biology of island floras (ed. by D. Bramwell and J. Caujape-Castells), pp. 284-324. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
  • Caujape-Castells, J., Tye, A., Crawford, D.J., Santos-Guerra, A., Sakai, A., Beaver, K., Lobin, W., Florens, F.B.V., Moura, M., Jardim, R., Gomes, I. & Kueffer, C. (2010) Conservation of oceanic island floras: present and future global challenges. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 12, 107-129.
  • Chan, Y.L., Schanzenbach, D. & Hickerson, M.J. (2014) Detecting concerted demographic response across community assemblages using hierarchical approximate Bayesian computation. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 31, 2501- 2515.
  • Cicconardi, F., Borges, P.A.V., Strasberg, D., Oromi, P., Lopez, H., Perez-Delgado, A.J., Casquet, J., Caujape-Castells, J., Fernandez-Palacios, J.M., Thebaud, C. & Emerson, B.C. (2017) MtDNA metagenomics reveals large-scale invasion of belowground arthropod communities by introduced species. Molecular Ecology, doi:10.1111/mec.14037.
  • Cody, M.L. & Overton, J.M. (1996) Short-term evolution of reduced dispersal in island plant populations. Journal of Ecology, 84, 53-61.
  • Condamine, F.L., Leslie, A.B. & Antonelli, A. (2016) Ancient islands acted as refugia and pumps for conifer diversity. Cladistics, 33, 69-92.
  • Dalsgaard, B., Trojelsgaard, K., Martin Gonzalez, A.M., Nogues-Bravo, D., Ollerton, J., Petanidou, T., Sandel, B., Schleuning, M., Wang, Z., Rahbek, C., Sutherland, W.J., Svenning, J.-C. & Olesen, J.M. (2013) Historical climatechange influences modularity and nestedness of pollination networks. Ecography, 36, 1331-1340.
  • DeMiguel, D. (2016) Disentangling adaptive evolutionary radiations and the role of diet in promoting diversification on islands. Scientific Reports, 6, 29803.
  • Diamond, J.M. (1975) The island dilemma: lessons of modern biogeographic studies for the design of natural reserves. Biological Conservation, 7, 129-146.
  • Ducatez, S. & Shine, R. (2017) Drivers of extinction risk in terrestrial vertebrates. Conservation Letters, doi:10.1111/ conl.12258.
  • Economo, E.P., Sarnat, E.M., Janda, M., Clouse, R., Klimov, P.B., Fischer, G., Blanchard, B.D., Ramirez, L.N., Andersen, A.N., Berman, M., Guenard, B., Lucky, A., Rabeling, C., Wilson, E.O. & Knowles, L.L. (2015) Breaking out of biogeographical modules: range expansion and taxon cycles in the hyperdiverse ant genus Pheidole. Journal of Biogeography, 42, 2289-2301.
  • Elton, C.S. (1958) The ecology of invasions by animals and plants. Methuen & Co., London.
  • Emerson, B.C. & Faria, C.M.A. (2014) Fission and fusion in island taxa - serendipity, or something to be expected? Molecular Ecology, 23, 5132-5134.
  • Emerson, B.C. & Gillespie, R.G. (2008) Phylogenetic analysis of community assembly and structure over space and time. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 23, 619-630.
  • Emerson, B.C. & Kolm, N. (2005) Species diversity can drive speciation. Nature, 434, 1015-1017.
  • Emerson, B.C. & Oromi, P. (2005) Diversification of the forest beetle genus Tarphius on the Canary Islands, and the evolutionary origins of island endemics. Evolution, 59, 586-598.
  • Emerson, B.C., Casquet, J., Lopez, H., Cardoso, P., Borges, P.A.V., Mollaret, N., Oromi, P., Strasberg, D. & Thebaud, C. (2017) A combined field survey and molecular identification protocol for comparing forest arthropod biodiversity across spatial scales. Molecular Ecology Resources, doi:10.1111/1755-0998.12617.
  • Essl, F., Dullinger, S., Moser, D., Steinbauer, K. & Mang, T. (2015) Identifying alien bryophytes taking into account uncertainties: a reply to Pati no ~ & Vanderpoorten (2015). Journal of Biogeography, 42, 1362-1363.
  • Etienne, R.S., Haegeman, B., Stadler, T., Aze, T., Pearson, P.N., Purvis, A. & Phillimore, A.B. (2012) Diversity-dependence brings molecular phylogenies closer to agreement with the fossil record. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 279, 1300-1309.
  • Faria, C.M.A., Machado, A., Amorim, I.R., Gage, M.J.G., Borges, P.A.V. & Emerson, B.C. (2016) Evidence for multiple founding lineages and genetic admixture in the evolution of species within an oceanic island weevil (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) super-radiation. Journal of Biogeography, 43, 178-191.
  • Fattorini, S., Rigal, F., Cardoso, P. & Borges, P.A.V. (2016) Using species abundance distribution models and diversity indices for biogeographical analyses. Acta Oecologica, 70, 21-28.
  • Fernandes, J.P., Guiomar, N. & Gil, A. (2015) Strategies for conservation planning and management of terrestrial ecosystems in small islands (exemplified for the Macaronesian islands). Environmental Science & Policy, 51, 1-22.
  • Fernandez-Mazuecos, M. & Vargas, P. (2011) Genetically depauperate in the continent but rich in oceanic islands: Cistus monspeliensis (Cistaceae) in the Canary Islands. PLoS ONE, 6, e17172.
  • Fernandez-Palacios, J.M. (2016) Island biogeography: shaped by sea-level shifts. Nature, 532, 42-43.
  • Fernandez-Palacios, J.M. & de Nascimento, L. (2011) Political erosion dismantles the conservation network existing in the Canary Islands. Frontiers of Biogeography, 3, 106- 110.
  • Fernandez-Palacios, J.M., de Nascimento, L., Otto, R., Delgado, J.D., Garcia-del-Rey, E., Arevalo, J.R. & Whittaker, R.J. (2011) A reconstruction of Palaeo-Macaronesia, with particular reference to the long-term biogeography of the Atlantic island laurel forests. Journal of Biogeography, 38, 226-246.
  • Fernandez-Palacios, J.M., Kueffer, C. & Drake, D. (2015) A new golden era in island biogeography. Frontiers of Biogeography, 7, 14-20.
  • Fernandez-Palacios, J.M., Rijsdijk, K.F., Norder, S.J., Otto, R., de Nascimento, L., Fernandez-Lugo, S., Tjorve, E. & Whittaker, R.J. (2016) Towards a glacial-sensitive model of island biogeography. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 25, 817-830.
  • Filardi, C.E. & Moyle, R.G. (2005) Single origin of a pan-Pacific bird group and upstream colonization of Australasia. Nature, 438, 216-219.
  • Frankham, R. (1997) Do island populations have less genetic variation than mainland populations? Heredity, 78, 311-327.
  • Garcia-Verdugo, C., Baldwin, B.G., Fay, M.F. & Caujape-Castells, J. (2014) Life history traits and patterns of diversification in oceanic archipelagos: a meta-analysis. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 174, 334-348.
  • Garcia-Verdugo, C., Sajeva, M., La Mantia, T., Harrouni, C., Msanda, F. & Caujape-Castells, J. (2015) Do island plant populations really have lower genetic variation than mainland populations? Effects of selection and distribution range on genetic diversity estimates. Molecular Ecology, 24, 726-741.
  • Garrick, R.C., Benavides, E., Russello, M.A., Hyseni, C., Edwards, D.L., Gibbs, J.P., Tapia, W., Ciofi, C. & Caccone, A. (2014) Lineage fusion in Galapagos giant tortoises. Molecular Ecology, 23, 5276-5290.
  • Gil, A., Calado, H., Costa, L.T., Bentz, J., Fonseca, C., Lobo, A., Vergilio, M. & Benedicto, J. (2011) A methodological proposal for the development of Natura 2000 sites management plans. Journal of Coastal Research, 64, 1326-1330.
  • Gillespie, R.G., Baldwin, B.G., Waters, J.M., Fraser, C.I., Nikula, R. & Roderick, G.K. (2012) Long-distance dispersal: a framework for hypothesis testing. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 27, 47-56.
  • Givnish, T.J., Millam, K.C., Mast, A.R., Paterson, T.B., Theim, T.J., Hipp, A.L., Henss, J.M., Smith, J.F., Wood, K.R. & Sytsma, K.J. (2009) Origin, adaptive radiation and diversification of the Hawaiian lobeliads (Asterales: Campanulaceae). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 276, 407.
  • Goldberg, E.E., Roy, K., Lande, R. & Jablonski, D. (2005) Diversity, endemism, and age distributions in macroevolutionary sources and sinks. The American Naturalist, 165, 623-633.
  • Goodman, K.R., Kelley, J.P., Welter, S.C., Roderick, G.K. & Elias, D.O. (2015) Rapid diversification of sexual signals in Hawaiian Nesosydne planthoppers (Hemiptera: Delphacidae): the relative role of neutral and selective forces. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 28, 415-427.
  • Grady, P. & DeSalle, R. (2008) Out of Hawaii: The origin and biogeography of the genus Scaptomyza (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Biology Letters, 4, 195-199.
  • Gravel, D., Massol, F., Canard, E., Mouillot, D. & Mouquet, N. (2011) Trophic theory of island biogeography. Ecology Letters, 14, 1010-1016.
  • Hanski, I. (1998) Metapopulation dynamics. Nature, 396, 41-49.
  • Harmon, L.J. & Harrison, S. (2015) Species diversity is dynamic and unbounded at local and continental scales. The American Naturalist, 185, 584-593.
  • He, F. & Hubbell, S. (2013) Estimating extinction from species-area relationships: why the numbers do not add up. Ecology, 94, 1905-1912.
  • Heleno, R. & Vargas, P. (2015) How do islands become green? Global Ecology and Biogeography, 24, 518-526.
  • Heleno, R., Lacerda, I., Ramos, J.A. & Memmott, J. (2010) Evaluation of restoration effectiveness: community response to the removal of alien plants. Ecological Applications, 20, 1191-1203.
  • Heleno, R.H., Olesen, J.M., Nogales, M., Vargas, P. & Traveset, A. (2013) Seed dispersal networks in the Galapagos and the consequences of alien plant invasions. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 280, 20122112.
  • Hendrickx, F., Backeljau, T., Dekoninck, W., Van Belleghem, S.M., Vandomme, V. & Vangestel, C. (2015) Persistent inter- and intraspecific gene exchange within a parallel radiation of caterpillar hunter beetles (Calosoma sp.) from the Galapagos. Molecular Ecology, 24, 3107-3121.
  • Holt, R.D. (1996) Food webs in space: an island biogeographic perspective. Food webs: integration of patterns and dynamics (ed. by G.A. Polis and K.O. Winemiller), pp. 313-323. Chapman and Hall, London.
  • Holt, R.D. (2010) Towards a trophic island biogeography: reflections on the interface of island biogeography and food web ecology. The theory of island biogeography revisited (ed. by J.B. Losos and R.E. Ricklefs), pp. 143-185. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
  • Hubbell, S.P. (2001) The unified neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
  • Hutsemekers, V., Sz ovenyi € , P., Shaw, A.J., Gonzalez-Mancebo, J.-M., Mu noz ~ , J. & Vanderpoorten, A. (2011) Oceanic islands are not sinks of biodiversity in spore-producing plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 108, 18989-18994.
  • Illera, J.C., Rando, J.C., Richardson, D.S. & Emerson, B.C. (2012) Age, origins and extinctions of the avifauna of Macaronesia: a synthesis of phylogenetic and fossil information. Quaternary Science Reviews, 50, 14-22.
  • Illera, J.C., Spurgin, L.G., Rodriguez-Exposito, E., Nogales, M. & Rando, J.C. (2016) What are we learning about speciation and extinction from the Canary Islands? Ardeola, 63, 15-33.
  • Itescu, Y., Karraker, N.E., Raia, P., Pritchard, P.C.H. & Meiri, S. (2014) Is the island rule general? Turtles disagree. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 23, 689-700.
  • Johnson, K.P., Adler, F.R. & Cherry, J.L. (2000) Genetic and phylogenetic consequences of island biogeography. Evolution, 54, 387-396.
  • Jonsson, K.A. & Holt, B.G. (2015) Islands contribute disproportionately high amounts of evolutionary diversity in passerine birds. Nature Communications, 6, 8538.
  • Jonsson, K.A., Fabre, P.-H., Ricklefs, R.E. & Fjeldsra, J. (2011) Major global radiation of corvoid birds originated in the proto-Papuan archipelago. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 108, 2328-2333.
  • Jordal, B.H. & Hewitt, G.M. (2004) The origin and radiation of Macaronesian beetles breeding in Euphorbia: The relative importance of multiple data partitions and population sampling. Systematic Biology, 53, 711-734.
  • Jost, L. (2007) Partitioning diversity into independent alpha and beta components. Ecology, 88, 2427-2439.
  • Kavanagh, P.H. & Burns, K.C. (2014) The repeated evolution of large seeds on islands. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 281, 20140675.
  • Kennicutt, M.C., Chown, S.L., Cassano, J.J., Liggett, D., Peck, L.S., Massom, R., Rintoul, S.R., Storey, J., Vaughan, D.G. & Wilson, T.J. (2015) A roadmap for Antarctic and Southern Ocean science for the next two decades and beyond. Antarctic Science, 27, 3-18.
  • Kingsford, R.T., Watson, J.E.M., Lundquist, C.J., Venter, O., Hughes, L., Johnston, E.L., Atherton, J., Gawel, M., Keith, D.A., Mackey, B.G., Morley, C., Possingham, H.P., Raynor, B., Recher, H.F. & Wilson, K.A. (2009) Major conservation policy issues for biodiversity in Oceania. Conservation Biology, 23, 834-840.
  • Kirkpatrick, M. & Peischl, S. (2012) Evolutionary rescue by beneficial mutations in environments that change in space and time. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 368, 20120082.
  • Kisel, Y. & Barraclough, T.G. (2010) Speciation has a spatial scale that depends on levels of gene flow. The American Naturalist, 175, 316-334.
  • Kisel, Y., McInnes, L., Toomey, N.H. & Orme, C.D.L. (2011) How diversification rates and diversity limits combine to create large-scale species-area relationships. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 366, 2514-2525.
  • Kueffer, C. & Kaiser-Bunbury, C.N. (2014) Reconciling conflicting perspectives for biodiversity conservation in the Anthropocene. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 12, 131-137.
  • Kueffer, C., Daehler, C.C., Torres-Santana, C.W., Lavergne, C., Meyer, J.-Y., Otto, R. & Silva, L. (2010) A global comparison of plant invasions on oceanic islands. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 12, 145- 161.
  • Lavergne, S., Evans, M.E.K., Burfield, I.J., Jiguet, F. & Thuiller, W. (2012) Are species responses to global change predicted by past niche evolution? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 368, 20120091.
  • Lens, F., Davin, N., Smets, E. & del Arco, M. (2013) Insular woodiness on the Canary Islands: a remarkable case of convergent evolution. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 174, 992-1013.
  • Lomolino, M.V. & Brown, J.H. (2009) The reticulating phylogeny of island biogeography theory. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 84, 357-390.
  • Lomolino, M.V., van der Geer, A.A., Lyras, G.A., Palombo, M.R., Sax, D.F. & Rozzi, R. (2013) Of mice and mammoths: generality and antiquity of the island rule. Journal of Biogeography, 40, 1427-1439.
  • Losos, J.B. & Parent, C.E. (2010) The speciation-area relationship. The theory of island biogeography revisited (ed. by J.B. Losos and R.E. Ricklefs), pp. 415-438. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
  • Losos, J.B. & Ricklefs, R.E. (2009) Adaptation and diversification on islands. Nature, 457, 830-836.
  • Losos, J.B. & Ricklefs, R.E. (eds) (2010) The theory of island biogeography revisited. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
  • MacArthur, R.H. & Wilson, E.O. (1963) An equilibrium theory of insular zoogeography. Evolution, 17, 373-387.
  • MacArthur, R.H. & Wilson, E.O. (1967) The theory of island biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
  • Matthews, T.J., Guilhaumon, F., Triantis, K.A., Borregaard, M.K. & Whittaker, R.J. (2016) On the form of species- area relationships in habitat islands and true islands. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 25, 847-858.
  • Mayr, E. (1954) Change of genetic environment and evolution. Evolution as a process (ed. by E. Mayr, J.S. Huxley, A.C. Hardy and E.B. Ford), pp. 157-180. Allen and Unwin, London.
  • McConkey, K.R. & Drake, D.R. (2006) Flying foxes cease to function as seed dispersers long before they become rare. Ecology, 87, 271-276.
  • McCreless, E.E., Huff, D.D., Croll, D.A., Tershy, B.R., Spatz, D.R., Holmes, N.D., Butchart, S.H.M. & Wilcox, C. (2016) Past and estimated future impact of invasive alien mammals on insular threatened vertebrate populations. Nature Communications, 7, 12488.
  • Meiri, S., Cooper, N. & Purvis, A. (2008) The island rule: made to be broken? Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 275, 141-148.
  • Montoya, J.M. & Raffaelli, D. (2010) Climate change, biotic interactions and ecosystem services. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 365, 2013.
  • Nogales, M., Vidal, E., Medina, F.M., Bonnaud, E., Tershy, B.R., Campbell, K.J. & Zavaleta, E.S. (2013) Feral cats and biodiversity conservation: the urgent prioritization of island management. BioScience, 63, 804-810.
  • Nogue, S., de Nascimento, L., Fernandez-Palacios, J.M., Whittaker, R.J. & Willis, K.J. (2013) The ancient forests of La Gomera, Canary Islands, and their sensitivity to environmental change. Journal of Ecology, 101, 368-377.
  • Novosolov, M., Raia, P. & Meiri, S. (2013) The island syndrome in lizards. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 22, 184-191.
  • Olesen, J.M., Eskildsen, L.I. & Venkatasamy, S. (2002) Invasion of pollination networks on oceanic islands: importance of invader complexes and endemic super generalists. Diversity and Distributions, 8, 181-192.
  • Olivera, P., Menezes, D., Trout, R., Buckle, A., Geraldes, P. & Jesus, J. (2010) Successful eradication of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and house mouse (Mus musculus) from the island of Selvagem Grande (Macaronesian archipelago), in the Eastern Atlantic. Integrative Zoology, 5, 70-83.
  • Papadopoulou, A. & Knowles, L.L. (2015a) Genomic tests of the species-pump hypothesis: recent island connectivity cycles drive population divergence but not speciation in Caribbean crickets across the Virgin Islands. Evolution, 69, 1501-1517.
  • Papadopoulou, A. & Knowles, L.L. (2015b) Species-specific responses to island connectivity cycles: refined models for testing phylogeographic concordance across a Mediterranean Pleistocene Aggregate Island Complex. Molecular Ecology, 24, 4252-4268.
  • Pati no ~ , J. & Vanderpoorten, A. (2015) How to define nativeness in organisms with high dispersal capacities? A comment on Essl et al. Journal of Biogeography, 42, 1360-1362.
  • Pati no ~ , J., Bisang, I., Heden€ as, L., Dirkse, G., Bjarnason, A.H., Ah-Peng, C. & Vanderpoorten, A. (2013) Baker's law and the island syndromes in bryophytes. Journal of Ecology, 101, 1245-1255.
  • Pati no ~ , J., Carine, M.A., Fernandez-Palacios, J.M., Otto, R., Schaefer, H. & Vanderpoorten, A. (2014a) The anagenetic world of the spore-producing plants. New Phytologist, 201, 305-311.
  • Pati no ~ , J., Weigelt, P., Guilhaumon, F., Kreft, H., Triantis, K.A., Naranjo-Cigala, A., Solymos, P. & Vanderpoorten, A. (2014b) Differences in species-area relationships among the major lineages of land plants: a macroecological perspective. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 23, 1275-1283.
  • Pati no ~ , J., Carine, M.A., Mardulyn, P., Devos, N., Mateo, R.G., Gonzalez-Mancebo, J.M., Shaw, A.J. & Vanderpoorten, A. (2015) Approximate Bayesian computation reveals the crucial role of oceanic islands for the assembly of continental biodiversity. Systematic Biology, 64, 579- 589.
  • Paun, O., Turner, B., Trucchi, E., Munzinger, J., Chase, M.W. & Samuel, R. (2016) Processes driving the adaptive radiation of a tropical tree (Diospyros, Ebenaceae) in New Caledonia, a biodiversity hotspot. Systematic Biology, 65, 212-227.
  • Pretty, J., Sutherland, W.J., Ashby, J. et al. (2010) The top 100 questions of importance to the future of global agriculture. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 8, 219-236.
  • Price, J.P. & Clague, D.A. (2002) How old is the Hawaiian biota? Geology and phylogeny suggest recent divergence. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 269, 2429.
  • Price, J.P. & Wagner, W.L. (2011) A phylogenetic basis for species-area relationships among three Pacific Island floras. American Journal of Botany, 98, 449-459.
  • Rabosky, D.L. (2006) Likelihood methods for detecting temporal shifts in diversification rates. Evolution, 60, 1152- 1164.
  • Rabosky, D.L. & Hurlbert, A.H. (2015) Species richness at continental scales is dominated by ecological limits. The American Naturalist, 185, 572-583.
  • Rannala, B. & Yang, Z. (2003) Bayes estimation of species divergence times and ancestral population sizes using DNA sequences from multiple loci. Genetics, 164, 1645- 1656.
  • Richardson, D.M. & Pyˇsek, P. (2012) Naturalization of introduced plants: ecological drivers of biogeographical patterns. New Phytologist, 196, 383-396.
  • Ricklefs, R.E. & Bermingham, E. (2001) Nonequilibrium diversity dynamics of the Lesser Antillean avifauna. Science, 294, 1522-1524.
  • Ricklefs, R.E. & Bermingham, E. (2002) The concept of the taxon cycle in biogeography. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 11, 353-361.
  • Ricklefs, R.E. & Bermingham, E. (2007) The causes of evolutionary radiations in archipelagoes: passerine birds in the Lesser Antilles. The American Naturalist, 169, 285-297.
  • Rijsdijk, K.F., Hengl, T., Norder, S.J., Otto, R., Emerson, B.C., Avila, S.P., Lopez, H., van Loon, E.E., Tjorve, E. & Fernandez-Palacios, J.M. (2014) Quantifying surface-area changes of volcanic islands driven by Pleistocene sea-level cycles: biogeographical implications for the Macaronesian archipelagos. Journal of Biogeography, 41, 1242-1254.
  • Rivera-Parra, J.L., Levenstein, K.M., Bednarz, J.C., Vargas, F.H., Carrion, V. & Parker, P.G. (2012) Implications of goat eradication on the survivorship of the Galapagos hawk. Journal of Wildlife Management, 76, 1197-1204.
  • Robinson, S.A. & Copson, G.R. (2014) Eradication of cats (Felis catus) from subantarctic Macquarie Island. Ecological Management & Restoration, 15, 34-40.
  • Roderick, G.K., Croucher, P.J.P., Vandergast, A.G. & Gillespie, R.G. (2012) Species differentiation on a dynamic landscape: shifts in metapopulation genetic structure using the chronology of the Hawaiian archipelago. Evolutionary Biology, 39, 192-206.
  • Rominger, A.J., Goodman, K.R., Lim, J.Y., Armstrong, E.E., Becking, L.E., Bennett, G.M., Brewer, M.S., Cotoras, D.D., Ewing, C.P., Harte, J., Martinez, N.D., O'Grady, P.M., Percy, D.M., Price, D.K., Roderick, G.K., Shaw, K.L., Valdovinos, F.S., Gruner, D.S. & Gillespie, R.G. (2016) Community assembly on isolated islands: macroecology meets evolution. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 25, 769-780.
  • Ronquist, F. & Sanmartin, I. (2011) Phylogenetic methods in biogeography. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 42, 441-464.
  • Rosindell, J. & Harmon, L.J. (2013) A unified model of species immigration, extinction and abundance on islands. Journal of Biogeography, 40, 1107-1118.
  • Rosindell, J. & Phillimore, A.B. (2011) A unified model of island biogeography sheds light on the zone of radiation. Ecology Letters, 14, 552-560.
  • Sadler, J.P. (1999) Biodiversity on oceanic islands: a palaeoecological assessment. Journal of Biogeography, 26, 75-87.
  • Santos, A.M.C., Quicke, D.L.J., Borges, P.A.V. & Hortal, J. (2011) Species pool structure determines the level of generalism of island parasitoid faunas. Journal of Biogeography, 38, 1657-1667.
  • Santos, A.M.C., Cianciaruso, M.V. & De Marco, P. (2016a) Global patterns of functional diversity and assemblage structure of island parasitoid faunas. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 25, 869-879.
  • Santos, A.M.C., Field, R. & Ricklefs, R.E. (2016b) New directions in island biogeography. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 25, 751-768.
  • Sax, D.F. & Gaines, S.D. (2008) Species invasions and extinction: the future of native biodiversity on islands. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 105, 11490-11497.
  • Schaefer, H., Hardy, O.J., Silva, L., Barraclough, T.G. & Savolainen, V. (2011) Testing Darwin's naturalization hypothesis in the Azores. Ecology Letters, 14, 389-396.
  • Seddon, A.W.R., Mackay, A.W., Baker, A.G. et al. (2014) Looking forward through the past: identification of 50 priority research questions in palaeoecology. Journal of Ecology, 102, 256-267.
  • Shaw, K.L. & Gillespie, R.G. (2016) Comparative phylogeography of oceanic archipelagos: hotspots for inferences of evolutionary process. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 113, 7986-7993.
  • Siliceo, I. & Diaz, J.A. (2010) A comparative study of clutch size, range size, and the conservation status of island vs. mainland lacertid lizards. Biological Conservation, 143, 2601-2608.
  • Silvertown, J. (2004) The ghost of competition past in the phylogeny of island endemic plants. Journal of Ecology, 92, 168-173.
  • Silvertown, J., Francisco-Ortega, J. & Carine, M. (2005) The monophyly of island radiations: an evaluation of niche pre-emption and some alternative explanations. Journal of Ecology, 93, 653-657.
  • Skipwith, P.L., Bauer, A.M., Jackman, T.R. & Sadlier, R.A. (2016) Old but not ancient: coalescent species tree of New Caledonian geckos reveals recent post-inundation diversification. Journal of Biogeography, 43, 1266-1276.
  • Sklenaˇr, P., Hedberg, I. & Cleef, A.M. (2014) Island biogeography of tropical alpine floras. Journal of Biogeography, 41, 287-297.
  • Sobral, F.L., Lees, A.C. & Cianciaruso, M.V. (2016) Introductions do not compensate for functional and phylogenetic losses following extinctions in insular bird assemblages. Ecology Letters, 19, 1091-1100.
  • Spurgin, L.G., Illera, J.C., Jorgensen, T.H., Dawson, D.A. & Richardson, D.S. (2014) Genetic and phenotypic divergence in an island bird: isolation by distance, by colonization or by adaptation? Molecular Ecology, 23, 1028- 1039.
  • Steadman, D.W. (2006) Extinction and biogeography of tropical Pacific birds. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA.
  • Steinbauer, M.J. (2017) A generalization of the taxon cycle. Journal of Biogeography, doi:10.1111/jbi.12883.
  • Steinbauer, M.J., Field, R., Fernandez-Palacios, J.M., Irl, S.D.H., Otto, R., Schaefer, H. & Beierkuhnlein, C. (2016a) Biogeographic ranges do not support niche theory in radiating Canary Island plant clades. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 25, 792-804.
  • Steinbauer, M.J., Field, R., Grytnes, J.-A. et al. (2016b) Topography-driven isolation, speciation and a global increase of endemism with elevation. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 25, 1097-1107.
  • Stokstad, E. (2013) Island of the snakes. Science, 342, 1166.
  • Sutherland, W.J., Fleishman, E., Mascia, M.B., Pretty, J. & Rudd, M.A. (2011) Methods for collaboratively identifying research priorities and emerging issues in science and policy. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 2, 238-247.
  • Sutherland, W.J., Freckleton, R.P., Godfray, H.C.J. et al. (2013) Identification of 100 fundamental ecological questions. Journal of Ecology, 101, 58-67.
  • Templeton, A.R. (1980) The theory of speciation via the founder principle. Genetics, 94, 1011-1038.
  • Tershy, B.R., Shen, K.-W., Newton, K.M., Holmes, N.D. & Croll, D.A. (2015) The importance of islands for the protection of biological and linguistic diversity. BioScience, 65, 592-597.
  • Traveset, A., Heleno, R., Chamorro, S., Vargas, P., McMullen, C.K., Castro-Urgal, R., Nogales, M., Herrera, H.W. & Olesen, J.M. (2013) Invaders of pollination networks in the Galapagos Islands: emergence of novel communities. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 280, 20123040.
  • Traveset, A., Olesen, J.M., Nogales, M., Vargas, P., Jaramillo, P., Antolin, E., Trigo, M.M. & Heleno, R. (2015) Bird- flower visitation networks in the Galapagos unveil a widespread interaction release. Nature Communications, 6, 6376.
  • Traveset, A., Tur, C., Trojelsgaard, K., Heleno, R., Castro-Urgal, R. & Olesen, J.M. (2016) Global patterns of mainland and insular pollination networks. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 25, 880-890.
  • Triantis, K.A., Borges, P.A.V., Ladle, R.J., Hortal, J., Cardoso, P., Gaspar, C., Dinis, F., Mendonc¸a, E., Silveira, L.M.A., Gabriel, R., Melo, C., Santos, A.M.C., Amorim, I.R., Ribeiro, S.P., Serrano, A.R.M., Quartau, J.A. & Whittaker, R.J. (2010) Extinction debt on oceanic islands. Ecography, 33, 285-294.
  • Triantis, K.A., Guilhaumon, F. & Whittaker, R.J. (2012) The island species-area relationship: biology and statistics. Journal of Biogeography, 39, 215-231.
  • Triantis, K.A., Economo, E.P., Guilhaumon, F. & Ricklefs, R.E. (2015) Diversity regulation at macro-scales: species richness on oceanic archipelagos. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 24, 594-605.
  • Trojelsgaard, K., Baez, M., Espadaler, X., Nogales, M., Oromi, P., Roche, F.L. & Olesen, J.M. (2013) Island biogeography of mutualistic interaction networks. Journal of Biogeography, 40, 2020-2031.
  • Tylianakis, J.M. (2009) Warming up food webs. Science, 323, 1300-1301.
  • Urban, M.C. (2015) Accelerating extinction risk from climate change. Science, 348, 571-573.
  • Valente, L.M., Etienne, R.S. & Phillimore, A.B. (2014) The effects of island ontogeny on species diversity and phylogeny. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 281, 20133227.
  • Valente, L.M., Phillimore, A.B. & Etienne, R.S. (2015) Equilibrium and non-equilibrium dynamics simultaneously operate in the Galapagos islands. Ecology Letters, 18, 844-852.
  • Valido, A., Dupont, Y.L. & Olesen, J.M. (2004) Bird-flower interactions in the Macaronesian islands. Journal of Biogeography, 31, 1945-1953.
  • van der Geer, A.A.E., Lomolino, M.V. & Lyras, G.A. (2016) 'Island Life' before man: biogeography of palaeo-insular mammals. Journal of Biogeography, doi:10.1111/jbi.12857.
  • Vargas, P. (2007) Are Macaronesian islands refugia of relict plant lineages? A molecular survey. Phylogeography in Southern European refugia: evolutionary perspectives ons the origins and conservation of European biodiversity (ed. by S. Weiss and N. Ferrand), pp. 297-314. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
  • Vargas, P., Nogales, M., Jaramillo, P., Olesen, J.M., Traveset, A. & Heleno, R. (2014) Plant colonization across the Galapagos Islands: success of the sea dispersal syndrome. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 174, 349-358.
  • Vargas, P., Rumeu, B., Heleno, R.H., Traveset, A. & Nogales, M. (2015) Historical isolation of the Galapagos carpenter bee (Xylocopa darwini) despite strong flight capability and ecological amplitude. PLoS ONE, 10, e0120597.
  • Vie, J.-C., Hilton-Taylor, C. & Stuart, S.N. (2009) Wildlife in a changing world: an analysis of the 2008 IUCN Red List of threatened species. IUCN, Gland.
  • Wallace, A.R. (1880) Island Life: Or, the phenomena and causes of insular faunas and floras, including a revision and attempted solution of the problem of geological climates. Macmillan, London.
  • Warren, B.H., Simberloff, D., Ricklefs, R.E. et al. (2015) Islands as model systems in ecology and evolution: prospects fifty years after MacArthur-Wilson. Ecology Letters, 18, 200-217.
  • Waters, J.M., Fraser, C.I. & Hewitt, G.M. (2013) Founder takes all: density-dependent processes structure biodiversity. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 28, 78-85.
  • Weigelt, P., Daniel Kissling, W., Kisel, Y., Fritz, S.A., Karger, D.N., Kessler, M., Lehtonen, S., Svenning, J.-C. & Kreft, H. (2015) Global patterns and drivers of phylogenetic structure in island floras. Scientific Reports, 5, 12213.
  • Weigelt, P., Steinbauer, M.J., Cabral, J.S. & Kreft, H. (2016) Late Quaternary climate change shapes island biodiversity. Nature, 532, 99-102.
  • Wessel, A., Hoch, H., Asche, M., von Rintelen, T., Stelbrink, B., Heck, V., Stone, F.D. & Howarth, F.G. (2013) Founder effects initiated rapid species radiation in Hawaiian cave planthoppers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 110, 9391-9396.
  • Whittaker, R.J. & Fernandez-Palacios, J.M. (2007) Island biogeography: ecology, evolution and conservation, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • Whittaker, R.J. & Jones, S.H. (1994) Structure in re-building insular ecosystems: an empirically derived model. Oikos, 69, 524-530.
  • Whittaker, R.J., Triantis, K.A. & Ladle, R.J. (2008) A general dynamic theory of oceanic island biogeography. Journal of Biogeography, 35, 977-994.
  • Whittaker, R.J., Rigal, F., Borges, P.A.V., Cardoso, P., Terzopoulou, S., Casanoves, F., Pla, L., Guilhaumon, F., Ladle, R.J. & Triantis, K.A. (2014) Functional biogeography of oceanic islands and the scaling of functional diversity in the Azores. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 111, 13709-13714.
  • Wilmshurst, J.M., Moar, N.T., Wood, J.R., Bellingham, P.J., Findlater, A.M., Robinson, J.J. & Stone, C. (2014) Use of pollen and ancient DNA as conservation baselines for offshore islands in New Zealand. Conservation Biology, 28, 202-212.
  • Wilson, E.O. (1961) The nature of the taxon cycle in the Melanesian ant fauna. The American Naturalist, 95, 169-193.
  • Wilson, E.O. (1969) The species equilibrium. Brookhaven Symposia in Biology, 22, 38-47.
  • Wilson, E.O. (2010) Island Biogeography in the 1960s: theory and experiment. The theory of island biogeography revisited (ed. by J.B. Losos and R.E. Ricklefs), pp. 1-12. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
  • Wood, H.M., Gillespie, R.G., Griswold, C.E. & Wainwright, P.C. (2015) Why is Madagascar special? The extraordinarily slow evolution of pelican spiders (Araneae, Archaeidae). Evolution, 69, 462-481.
  • Yoder, A.D. & Nowak, M.D. (2006) Has vicariance or dispersal been the predominant biogeographic force in Madagascar? Only time will tell. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 37, 405-431.