Brick Kiln Dataset for Pakistan's IGP Region Using AI
Authors/Creators
- 1. School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 46000, Pakistan
- 2. Department of Geoinformatics – Z GIS, University of Salzburg, 5020, Austria
- 3. Smith School of Enterprise and Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QY
Description
Brick Kilns - IGP Pakistan
This dataset represents the first comprehensive geospatial mapping of brick kiln sites across the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) region of Pakistan. It provides a consolidated and standardized collection of kiln locations alongside estimated emissions from brick production. The dataset is intended to support air quality research, emissions inventories, exposure analyses, and environmental policy development.
All geospatial data are provided in the standard Coordinate Reference System:
CRS: EPSG:4326 (WGS 84)
1. Geographic Coverage
-
Region: Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), Pakistan
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States / Provinces: Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan (where applicable)
2. Data Files Provided
The dataset is available in two formats for interoperability:
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GeoJSON (.geojson)
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CSV (.csv)
Two types of files are included:
A. Main Files — ID & Basic Information
These contain only site-level geospatial identifiers without emissions.
Columns:
| Column | Description |
|---|---|
| id | Unique identifier for each brick kiln |
| lat | Latitude (EPSG:4326) |
| lon | Longitude (EPSG:4326) |
| type | Kiln technology (FCBK, Zigzag) |
| state | Province within Pakistan |
| country | Country (Pakistan) |
| status | Operational status (Operating, Unknown, Closed if available) |
These files are suitable for mapping, spatial joins, geofencing, and administrative overlays.
B. Emissions Files — Coal Fuel Scenario & Biomass Fuel Scenario
Two separate emissions files are provided:
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*_coal_*.csv
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*_biomass_*.csv
This allows users to model emissions under different fuel-use assumptions.
Columns:
| Column | Description |
|---|---|
| id | Unique kiln identifier (consistent with the main file) |
| lat | Latitude |
| lon | Longitude |
| type | Kiln type |
| fuel | Coal or Biomass (depending on file) |
| state | Province |
| country | Country |
| status | Operational status |
| capacity_tonnes | Annual production in tonnes per year |
| emfpm10 | PM₁₀ emission factor based on fuel type (tonnes per tonne of activity or equivalent unit) |
| pm10_t_yr | Annual PM₁₀ emissions (tonnes/year) |
| emfpm25 | PM₂.₅ emission factor based on fuel type (tonnes per tonne of activity or equivalent unit) |
| pm25_t_yr | Annual PM₂.₅ emissions (tonnes/year) |
| emfso2 | SO₂ emission factor based on fuel type (tonnes per tonne of activity or equivalent unit) |
| so2_t_yr | Annual SO₂ emissions (tonnes/year) |
| emfnox | NOₓ emission factor based on fuel type (tonnes per tonne of activity or equivalent unit) |
| nox_t_yr | Annual NOₓ emissions (tonnes/year) |
| source | Data producer |
Funding Acknowledgment
This dataset was produced with support from:
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Amazon Web Services (AWS)
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Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford
Files
Brick_Kilns_PK-Main.csv
Files
(17.2 MB)
| Name | Size | Download all |
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md5:be569bbc6f30e5e3028e189538671ee5
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md5:c80a3d993ae246873fc212d911e6f222
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5.1 MB | Preview Download |
Additional details
Related works
- Is part of
- Journal article: 10.1038/s41597-025-05148-9 (DOI)
Dates
- Available
-
2024-11-04
Software
- Repository URL
- https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ghDuKUz0-pTaDuCyKypyD0AR_ohL98gW?usp=sharing
- Programming language
- Python