DETECTING THE IMPRINT OF PRIMORDIAL GRAVITATIONAL WAVES ON THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND POLARIZATION PATTERNS USING NEXT-GENERATION OBSERVATORIES

The detection of primordial gravitational waves (PGWs) is a pivotal goal in modern cosmology, providing direct evidence for inflationary theory. Their faint imprints on the polarization patterns of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation, specifically in the B-mode polarization, hold the key. Next-generation observatories such as CMB-S4 and LiteBIRD promise unprecedented sensitivity to these signals. This paper discusses theoretical and observational progress, reviews recent advancements, and explores methodologies for analyzing PGW imprints on CMB polarization patterns.