LOSS OF Y CHROMOSOME, AN ALARM TOWARDS AGGRESSIVE BLADDERCANCER IN MEN: ITS DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS

In comparison to the other chromosomes, it is said that the Y chromosome is a bit poor in genes- being more than 50% of its sequence composed of repeated elements. Moreover, research says that the Y genes are in continuous decay probably due to the lack of recombination of this chromosome. Earlier assumptions carried a notion that the Y chromosome only played a role in guiding the development of the male sex organs in a foetus. However, detailed research studies over the past few years have revealed the fact that apart from only sex determination, the Y chromosome may actually protect men from aggressive bladder cancer. To examine the significance of Y chromosome losses in bladder cancer, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to determine its prevalence and associations with known parameters of malignancy. Detection of mosaic loss of Y chromosome (mLOY) is yet another important issue which is required for the proper diagnosis of the diseases in men. They usually include Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Multiplex PCR-based assays.