FIGURE 4. Simplified scheme of relationships, gene flow and dispersal revealed by the DNA analysis of van der Valk et al. (2021). The colours of connecting lines indicate geographical location: pink, Eurasia; blue, North America. Circle icons indicate morphology: green, trogontherii- (steppe mammoth)-like; blue, primigenius- (woolly mammoth)-like. Right-pointing black arrows indicate two inferred episodes of introgression through hybridisation. The identification of European trogontherii with either of the two trogontherii-like Siberian lineages is uncertain. Modified after Roca (2021); photo sources as in Figure 3.