A Review of Internalizing Behavior Problems in Adolescence

Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by significant changes and developmental gains across various domains. However, some adolescents experience adjustment challenges and behavioral problems that adversely affect themselves and those around them. Behavioral issues are commonly categorized using Achenbach and Edelbrock’s dual classification system, which divides them into internalizing and externalizing problems. According to this classification, internalizing problems involve over-controlled behaviors including suppressed emotions, shyness, anxiety, and certain personality disorders, whereas externalizing problems involve under-controlled behaviors such as aggression, hyperactivity, and conduct disorders. This study examines internalizing behavioral problems during adolescence and focusing on associated risk factors across biological, individual, and contextual factors. Findings indicate that the prevalence of internalizing problems varies based on the specific conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety) and the geographical region. Notably, most research emphasizes an internalizing problem rather than exploring them comprehensively across different factors. This gap highlights the need for further studies addressing internalizing behavioral problems during adolescence in both national and international contexts.