COTTON BRANCHES AND TYPES OF BRANCHING

COTTON BRANCHES AND TYPES OF BRANCHING

Abrstact: This study explores the general and morphological structure of the cotton plant, focusing on its monopodial and sympodial branches.  The analysis will evaluate the branching characteristics of cotton, considering its bushiness or spreading habit, to determine optimal planting schemes and compatibility with mechanization.

Key words: Cotton, Branches, monopodial branches, intermediate branching, sympodial, monopodial, morphological.

Enter. In cotton, a branch grows from a bud in each leaf axil of the main stem. There are two types of branches in cotton: monopodial (plant) and sympodial (harvest). Monopodial and sympodial branches differ sharply in their morphological structure. A monopodial branch develops by continuous growth from a bud in the axil of a leaf. Accordingly, this type of branch has a growth point at the tip and always grows straight. A monopodial branch grows at an acute angle to the main stem, and the leaves are alternately arranged in a spiral pattern, as in the stem. From the leaf axil of a monopodial branch, secondary branches emerge, they can be monopodial and sympodial. In the main stem of a monopodial branch, usually, the elements of the crop (spoon, flower, bud) are not formed. In a monopodial branch, the elements of the crop are only of the second order, that is, in the sympodial branches that arise from it, but they are also not very large. In general, a monopodial branch is similar to a main stem by the nature of its growth. Sympodial branches emerge from the axils of 4-5-6 and subsequent leaves in the lower part of the main stem. A sympodial branch arises from the growth of a bud in the axil of a leaf, that is, the bud grows and stops to form a flower and a leaf. The flower bud turns into a fruit, and the branch continues to grow from the bud in the axil of the leaf, forming the next joint space. This also ends with a bud and a leaf, and the next joint is formed. This process creates several joint spaces depending on the type and variety of cotton. As a result, the crop grows crookedly and becomes elbow-shaped. If the fruit element and the leaf are shed, a circular mark will be left in the place of the fruit, and on the opposite side will be the place of the leaf. A sympodial branch may grow at a slightly more obtuse angle, or even a right angle, to the main stem than a monopodial branch. One of its main morphological features is the arrangement of the elements of the crop in the tip of the sympodial branch and directly on its axis in each joint. A monopodial branch develops at the bottom of the main stem, while a sympodial branch develops at the top of a monopodial branch. Accordingly, the formation of the first crop branch on the main stem determines the sequence number of the leaf joint on the main stem, which is of great practical importance. Because the earlier the first sympodial branch is formed on the main stem of cotton, the earlier the plant enters the flower and the earlier the crop of this plant ripens. The height of emergence of sympodial branch on the main stem is of great practical importance.  In this case, if the first sympodia appears in the lower leaf axils, the cotton may be early, and if it appears in the subsequent leaf axils, it may be middle or late, for example, in cultivated cottons. hs is observed from 4, 5 to 6, 7, 8. The height of formation of the first sympodial branch on the main stem is one of the specific genetic characteristics of a certain type of cotton, and it can change slightly under the influence of the external environment. Depending on the number of monopodial branches appearing on the main tem, all types of cotton are divided into the following three groups - monopodial, sympodial and intermediate branching.