Advancements in Pharmaceutical Science: Synthesis and Application of Molecular Cages Integrating N-Heterocyclic Carbenes for Enhanced Stability and Functionality

Abstract: The synthesis of molecular cages to encapsulate chemical entities, such as metal ions, anions, or small molecules, has emerged as a significant area of research in supramolecular chemistry. This article explores the design and construction of various macrocyclic ligands, particularly crown ethers, cryptands, and multi-branched macrocycles, highlighting their unique structural properties and coordination chemistry with transition metals and alkali ions. We delve into the role of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs) in enhancing the stability and functionality of these macrocyclic systems. The integration of NHCs into macrocyclic architectures presents opportunities for novel applications in catalysis, photoluminescence, and biomedical fields. By examining the advancements in macrocycle-NHC chemistry, this article underscores the potential of these systems in developing innovative materials with tailored properties for diverse applications.