Riesgo Cardiovascular Elevado en el Trastorno Bipolar: Una Revisión Sistemática

Background

This systematic review examines the elevated cardiovascular risk associated with bipolar disorder (BD), synthesizing key contributing factors. Individuals with BD exhibit an increased prevalence of cardiovascular conditions due to unhealthy lifestyles, poor dietary habits, pharmacotherapy side effects, and socio-economic disparities. Chronotype disruption, metabolic syndrome, arterial stiffness, and hypertension significantly contribute to cardiovascular risk. Pharmacological treatments such as antipsychotics and lithium further exacerbate weight gain and metabolic dysfunction. Socio-economic factors, including living in deprived areas, limited education, and urban stressors, heighten vulnerability to cardiovascular events. The review highlights the need for improved clinical monitoring and multidisciplinary interventions to address cardiovascular risk in BD patients. Moreover, it underscores the need for granular research to refine prevention strategies, particularly in Latin America. Methodological limitations in current studies emphasize the importance of perspective and robust designs to understand BD's cardiovascular consequences better and optimize clinical outcomes.