Determinants of Utilization and Satisfaction: An Empirical Analysis of Agricultural Extension Services in Pakistan

Agricultural extension services are crucial for the development and sustainability of the farming communities. These services equip farmers with an access to modern agriculture techniques, technologies, and scientific knowledge. Such information empowers farmer to enhance crop yields, utilize resources more effectively, and respond to environmental and market challenges. Moreover, extension programs enhance the overall productivity and economic stability of agricultural sectors by ensuring that innovations are tailored to local needs. Recognizing the significance of agricultural extension, this study is an attempt to investigate the factors affecting farmers’ utilization and satisfaction with these services. The study uses Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement (PSLM) Survey conducted in 2020. The study uses Ordered Logit model to estimate the impact of various covariates on the utilization and satisfaction. The aftermaths of the regression model suggest that socio-economic, demographic, and regional factors plays an important role in shaping the use and satisfaction of agricultural extension services. Notably, the accessibility factors, such as time, distance, and mode of transport to visit the service locations also play a crucial role. The findings of the study offer valuable insights for the government agencies, agricultural researchers and development organizations in undertaking the measures to improve the effectiveness and utilization of agricultural extension services.