Attribution of observed global warming to countries

This is an independent expert report, which was produced at the request of the counsel for the Republic of Vanuatu. It forms part of their written statement to the International Court of Justice, to inform the Court’s Advisory Opinion on the Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change, requested by the UN General Assembly. 

This report is largely based on the peer-reviewed publication led by Dr. Matthew W. Jones “National contributions to climate change due to historical emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide since 1850” published in Scientific Data (link below), and on comprehensive evidence as published by the 6th Assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Data have been updated to 2022 where possible. I have been assisted in writing this report by Dr. Matthew W. Jones from the University of East Anglia, and by the Global Carbon Budget team for the updates of the CO2 emissions data and relevant analysis. Funding received from the Republic of Vanuatu to produce this report was donated to the University of East Anglia’s Global Carbon Budget research fund.