A Review Paper on Study of Castellated Beam

This review paper focuses on structural properties, fabrication methods, and advantages of castellated 
beams, especially the modern application in construction of beams that came into existence in the mid-20th century. 
Castellated beams, as normally defined by their web openings, have gained popularity over the years with this 
additional advantage of increasing the depth of structural construction without adding material weight, thus having 
greater loads and saving costs. Several forms of castellated beams exist, such as hexagonal, cellular (circular), 
octagonal, and rectangular opening types, every one offering its special advantage in a particular type of structural 
application. A part from the difference in geometry, the basis of this study on castellated beams also centres on the 
applicability of finite element analysis in the determination of failure modes and more accurate designs, particular to 
lateral-torsional buckling and web post-buckling. Following are the key findings. Low-grade steel, having thicker 
flanges, has shown better economic efficiency. The paper discusses the problems of lateral-torsional buckling, web 
post buckling, ruptures and Vierendeel mechanism, in the welded joints due to stress near around openings. It also 
highlights the flexibility of the castellated beam, which allows for the service integration of elements such as electrical 
conduits and HVAC systems, that enhance architectural flexibility and environmentally sustainable designs also this 
paper highlights potential gaps in research mainly related to lateral-distortional buckling versus varying sizes of an 
opening, by an extensive numerical and experimental study based on FEA simulations by ABAQUS. Future studies 
are recommended to optimize the design of castellated beams by looking into the effects of opening shape and size on 
stability and innovative stiffening techniques for improved performance under load-carrying application. This 
research contributes toward further advancing the castellated beams to better develop guidelines for design with 
economic and environmental benefits in structural engineering.