WABAD: A World Annotated Bird Acoustic Dataset for Passive Acoustic Monitoring

Under the current global biodiversity crisis, there is a need for automated and non-invasive monitoring techniques that are able to gather large amounts of information cost-effectively at large scales. One such technique is passive acoustic monitoring, which is commonly coupled with automatic identification of animal species based on their sound. Automated sound analyses usually require training sound algorithms, based on annotated acoustic datasets marking when sounds of particular species occur. However, compiling large annotated acoustic datasets is time-consuming and requires experts, and therefore, they normally cover a reduced spatial scale. This data paper presents WABAD, the World Annotated Bird Acoustic Dataset for passive acoustic monitoring. WABAD is designed to provide the public, research community, and managers with a novel and globally representative annotated acoustic dataset. This database includes 5,044 minutes of audio files annotated to species-level by local experts with the start and end time, and the upper and lower frequencies of each identified bird vocalisation in the recordings. The database has a wide taxonomic (although limited to birds) and spatial coverage, including information on 90,662 vocalisations from 1,147 bird species recorded at 70 recording sites in 27 countries and distributed across 13 biomes. WABAD can be used, for example, for developing and/or validating automatic species detection algorithms, answering ecological questions, such as assessing geographical variations on bird vocalisations, or to compare acoustic diversity indices with species-based diversity indices. The dataset is published under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 4.0 International copyright.