REFLEXÕES SOBRE ÉTICA E DIREITOS HUMANOS NO TRANSUMANISMO: INFLUÊNCIA TECNOLÓGICA PARA ALÉM DO PÓS-HUMANISMO

Transhumanism, a movement focused on enhancing human capabilities through advanced technologies, raises ethical and human rights concerns that warrant careful examination. One major ethical debate centers on redefining the human condition. Julian Savulescu views transhumanism as “the latest attempt to understand and shape human evolution according to our desires” (Savulescu, 2010). The quest to surpass biological limitations and achieve new levels of intelligence, longevity, and physical ability challenges our understanding of what it means to be human and where to draw the line between nature and technology. Transhumanism also raises concerns about equitable access to these enhancements. As Nick Bostrom notes, if only the wealthy have access to transhumanist technologies, social inequalities could deepen (Bostrom, 2005). Limited access could exacerbate social and economic divides, creating a more stratified society. Moreover, transhumanism impacts human rights. While some technologies, like genetic therapies and advanced prosthetics, could enhance quality of life and inclusivity, others may threaten individual security, privacy, and dignity. Francis Fukuyama argues that transhumanism poses potential risks to core humanist values like dignity, autonomy, and equality (Fukuyama, 2002). In summary, transhumanism presents complex ethical challenges that touch on the essence of human identity, equity in technological access, and respect for fundamental human rights. An ethical and inclusive approach, grounded in humanist values, is essential to ensure these advancements promote well-being and respect the dignity and rights of all.