Linkage & Crossing Over

Linkage refers to the tendency of genes located close together on a chromosome to be inherited together during cell division. This phenomenon can lead to unexpected patterns in offspring, as linked genes do not assort independently, challenging Mendelian inheritance principles.

On the other hand, crossing over introduces a dynamic turn to genetic diversity. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA, resulting in new combinations of alleles. This process not only shuffles genetic material but also enhances variation within populations, providing the raw material for evolution.