Evaluation of Indian Mango (Mangifera Indica Peel) and Banana (Musa Acuminata) Pseudostem Fiber for Sustainable Biodegradable Plastic Development

This research explores the development of Indian mango (Mangifera indica) peel and banana (Musa acuminata) pseudostem fiber as possible materials for creating eco-friendly, biodegradable plastic. Agricultural waste from processing mangoes and cultivating bananas was repurposed to make biodegradable films, providing a sustainable option to traditional plastics. The objective was to optimize mechanical, thermal, and biodegradable properties by combining mango peel powder and banana pseudostem fibers in different ratios of 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70. Plasticizers like glycerol and sorbitol were added to enhance flexibility, and the films were formed and dried in controlled settings. The findings showed that the 70:30 mixture of mango peel and banana fiber had the best tensile strength (15.8 MPa), elongation at break (6.5%), and thermal stability (285°C), indicating its potential for long-lasting uses. The 50:50 mixture showed the most rapid degradation in soil burial tests, with 75% breaking down after 12 weeks, indicating its usefulness in situations needing quick biodegradability. Tests on water absorption showed that formulations with increased amounts of mango peel displayed improved moisture resistance, whereas higher levels of banana fiber resulted in increased hydrophilicity. Examination of surface appearance with SEM showed that the ideal 70:30 mixture had an even spread of fibers, which improved its overall effectiveness. The results provide a way to achieve sustainable material innovation by decreasing plastic waste and advocating for the utilization of agricultural by-products in eco-friendly manufacturing. Additional study is suggested to improve plastic formulations and increase their suitability for industrial use.