Figure 8. Right upper molars of South American 'condylarths' and 'didolodontids'. A, P4–M3 of Molinodus suarezi in occlusal view [cast of MHNC 1247, P4–M2; cast of MNHN 13870, M3 (mirrored)]. B, roots of M1, M2–M3 of Escribania chubutensis in occlusal view (MLP 90–II-12–68, roots of M1 and M2 (mirrored); MLP 90–II-12–63, M3). C–D, M2 of Raulvaccia peligrensis [MLP 90-II-12- 70 (mirrored)] in occlusal (C) and distoocclusal (D) views. E, P4–M3 of Ricardocifellia protocenica in occlusal view [cast of DNPM 908M, P5–M3 (mirrored); cast of MNRJ 1461-V (mirrored)]. F, M2 of Lamegoia conodonta Paula Couto, 1952 in occlusal view (cast of MNRJ 1465-V). G, P1–M3 of Didolodus multicuspis in occlusal view [MACN 10690, P2–M3 (holotype; mirrored); MACN A 10738, P1]. H, P5–M3 of Protolipterna ellipsodontoides in occlusal view [DNPM LE 444I (mirrored)]. I, P4–M3 of Asmithwoodwardia scotti in occlusal view [DGM 358M (holotype; mirrored)]. J, P2, alveoli of P4–P5, and M1–M3 of Miguelsoria parayiruhnor in occlusal view [MNRJ 4094V (mirrored)]. More information on the specimens and observations are in Supporting information, File S2. Note that the M2 of Molinodus suarezi (A) and the M2 of Lamegoia conodonta (B) present a duplication of their protocone (pr1 and pr2); in the former, this is insipient, and in the latter, it forms a pseudohypocone. For information about the tooth position convention, check the Material and methods. Abbreviations: hy, hypocone; hys, hypostyle; me, metacone; ms, mesostyle; mtl, metaconule; pa, paracone; phy, pseudohypocone; phyc, prehypocrista; pshyc, posthypocrista; pmlc, premetaconular crista; pplc, preparaconular crista; pr, protocone; prl, paraconule; ps, parastyle; pscg, postcingulum; psmlc, postmetaconular crista. Scale bars equal 1 cm.