Heterogorgia Verrill 1868
Authors/Creators
- 1. Museo de Zoología, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, P. O. Box 11501 - 2060, San José, Costa Rica, and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Republic of Panama & Centro de Investigación en Estructuras Microscópicas, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica & Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- 2. Centro de Investigación en Estructuras Microscópicas, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- 3. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
Description
Genus Heterogorgia Verrill, 1868
Heterogorgia Verrill, 1868: 413; Verrill, 1869: 450 (emended); Studer, 1887: 57; Wright & Studer, 1889: 55; Nutting, 1910: 87; Kükenthal, 1919: 844; Kükenthal, 1924: 229–230; Bayer, 1956: F206; Harden, 1979: 112; Bayer, 1981: 931; Castro, 1990: 412–415; Breedy & Guzman, 2005: 801–803; Vargas et al., 2010: 4; Castro et al., 2010: 776; Breedy & Guzman, 2011: 28.
Type species. Heterogorgia verrucosa Verrill, 1868, by subsequent designation (Nutting, 1910: 87).
Diagnosis (modified from Breedy & Guzman, 2011)
The axis is horny with a chambered central core. Colonies are composed of several stout stems that could be unbranched or branch laterally and irregularly. They arise from spreading holdfasts or incrust on crevices. The coenenchyme is thin to moderately thick, mostly with a granulose surface.All sclerites are colourless. Coenenchymal sclerites are: radiates, strongly and unevenly tuberculated spindles, that may be branched, irregular spindle-derived forms, and crosses with the four arms of the same or different length. Club-like sclerites could be present. Polyps are retractile within protruding calyces; neck zone of the anthocodiae is with or without sclerites. Polyps are from bright yellow to colourless when alive and whitish when preserved in ethanol. Anthocodiae have a well-defined collaret consisting of one or more transverse rows of spindles that could be long, strong, and bent; and points consisting of long spiny spindles en chevron. Calyces are prominent, with a lobed rim that is armed with projecting thorns. Colour of the colonies is white, beige, or greyish; or of darker hues when dried.
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Scientific name authorship
- Verrill
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Cnidaria
- Order
- Alcyonacea
- Family
- Plexauridae
- Genus
- Heterogorgia
- Taxon rank
- genus
- Taxonomic concept label
- Heterogorgia Verrill, 1868 sec. Breedy, Murillo-Cruz & Cortés, 2024
References
- Verrill, A. E. (1868) Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, number 6: review of the corals and polyps of the west coast of America. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2 nd Edition, 1, 377 - 478.
- Verrill, A. E. (1869) Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, Number 6: Review of the corals and polyps of the West Coast of America. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2 nd Edition, 1869, 423 - 502.
- Wright, E. P. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Challenger Zoology, 31, 314.
- Nutting, C. C. (1910) The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition III. The Muriceidae. Siboga-Expedition Monograph, 13 b, 1 - 108.
- Bayer, F. M. (1956) Octocorallia: In: Moore, R. C. (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part F. Coelenterata. Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, pp. F 163 - F 231.
- Harden, D. G. (1979) Intuitive and numerical classification of east Pacific Gorgonacea (Octocorallia). Unpublished PhD thesis, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois. [unknown pagination]
- Bayer, F. M. (1981) Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with diagnoses of new taxa. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 94, 902 - 947.
- Castro, C. B. (1990) A new species of Heterogorgia Verrill, 1868 (Coelenterata, Octocorallia) from Brazil with comments on the type species of the genus. Bulletin of Marine Science, 47, 411 - 420.
- Breedy, O. & Guzman, H. M. (2005) A new species of alcyonacean octocoral from the Galapagos Archipelago. Journal of the Marine Biology Association of the United Kingdom, 85, 801 - 807.
- Vargas, S., Eitel, M., Breedy, O. & Schierwater, B. (2010) Molecules match morphology: mitochondrial DNA supports Bayer's Lytreia-Bebryce-Heterogorgia (Alcyonacea: Octocorallia) clade hypothesis. Invertebrate Systematics, 24, 1 - 9.
- Castro, C. B., Medeiros, M. S. & Loiola, L. L. (2010) Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Brazilian reefs. Journal of Natural History, 44, 763 - 827.
- Breedy, O. & Guzman, H. M. (2011) A revision of the genus Heterogorgia Verrill, 1868 (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Plexauridae). Zootaxa, 2995, 27 - 44.