Published August 30, 2024 | Version CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0
Journal article Open

Survey of Usage and Awareness of Ibuprofen Among the Syrian Population

  • 1. Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Quality Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tishreen, Latakia, Syria.

Contributors

Contact person:

  • 1. Student, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tishreen, Latakia, Syria.
  • 2. Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Quality Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tishreen, Latakia, Syria.

Description

Abstract: Ibuprofen is a non-selective NSAID. This drug inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2. It is commonly used to manage some conditions in Syria, especially pain. This research aimed to assess the awareness and use of ibuprofen among the Syrian population. A survey was conducted on social networking sites during January, February, and March 2024 to achieve this purpose. 217 responses were collected. Most participants were female (65%) and between 20 and 30 years old (83.9). Most participants had taken ibuprofen 80.9%. 45% use ibuprofen as a pain reliever. 74.4% responded that they can get ibuprofen from the pharmacy without a prescription. Half of the participants believe that the recommended dose of ibuprofen to relieve pain is 400 mg every 8 hours for an adult. Only 23.5% of participants had experienced side effects when taking ibuprofen, mainly stomach pain (55%). The first alternative drug to ibuprofen among participants was paracetamol 32%. The treatment plan of 69.8% of participants includes the combination of ibuprofen with paracetamol. The results of this survey demonstrated high consumption of Ibuprofen in Syria. Indeed, the surveyed Syrians had a good understanding of this medication.

Files

E404804050824.pdf

Files (493.8 kB)

Name Size Download all
md5:23bd6da5f71d6cf7525558b25fe66000
493.8 kB Preview Download

Additional details

Identifiers

Dates

Accepted
2024-08-15
Manuscript received on 07 July 2024 | Revised Manuscript received on 18 July 2024 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 August 2024 | Manuscript published on 30 August 2024.

References

  • Rainsford KD. Ibuprofen: pharmacology, efficacy, and safety. Inflammopharmacology. 2009 Dec;17(6):275-342. doi: 10.1007/s10787-009-0016-x. Epub 2009 Nov 21. PMID: 19949916. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787 -009-0016-x
  • Rainsford KD. Ibuprofen: from invention to an OTC therapeutic mainstay. Int J Clin Pract Suppl. 2013 Jan;(178):9-20. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.12055. PMID: 23163543. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.12055
  • Bacchi S, Palumbo P, Sponta A, Coppolino MF. Clinical pharmacology of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a review. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem. 2012;11(1):52-64. doi: 10.2174/187152312803476255. https://doi.org/10.2174/187152312803476255
  • Isbera M, Abbood A, Ibrahim W. Weight and Content Uniformity of Warfarin Sodium Half Tablets. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2016; 9(3):215-218. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2016.00039.1 https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2016.00039.1
  • Abbood A, Layka R. Weight and content uniformity Study of captopril half-tablets. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2017;10(6):1621-1626. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2017.00285.2. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2017.00285.2
  • Chbani D, Abbood A, Alkhayer M. Determination of Nitrite and Nitrate Ions levels in some processed meats marketed locally. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2018;11(4):1442-1447. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00269.X. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00269.X
  • Abbood A, Malek Z, Al-Homsh Y, Thallaj N. In vitro Study for Antibiotic resistance of bacteria causing Urinary Tract Infection from Syrian adults. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022;15(10):4727-2. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00794. https://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00794
  • Abbood A, Malek Z, Thallaj N. Antibiotic resistance of urinary tract pathogens in Syrian children. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022;15(11):4935-9. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00829. https://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00829
  • Abbood A. Determination of phenolic content and antioxidant activity of some cosmetic creams available in the Syrian market. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical sciences. 2018;11:280-3. https://doi.org/10.30558/jchps.20181104006
  • Zrekah GH, Diab DA, Abboud AY. Determination of Protein and fat oxidation levels in imported infant formula available in Syria. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2016;8:169-72. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8150143
  • Abbood A, Optimization of the Imaged cIEF Method for Monitoring the Charge Heterogeneity of Antibody-Maytansine Conjugate, Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, 2023, Article ID 8150143, 10 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8150143. https://doi.org/10.23893/1307-2080.APS6215
  • Abbood A, Monitoring the charge variant profile of antibody-tomaymycin conjugates by icIEF method, Acta Pharm. Sci. 2023, 62 (1), 226-239. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2017.0306
  • Abbood A, Aldiab D, HPLC determination of caffeine in some beverages and pharmaceutical dosage forms available in Syrian market, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 3 (10), 1174-1179 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2020.03.001
  • Wongrakpanich S, Wongrakpanich A, Melhado K, Rangaswami J. A Comprehensive Review of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use in The Elderly. Aging Dis. 2018 Feb 1;9(1):143-150. doi: 10.14336/AD.2017.0306. Doi: 10.14336/AD.2017.0306.
  • Al-Azayzih A, Al-Azzam SI, Alzoubi KH, Jarab AS, Kharaba Z, Al-Rifai RH, Alnajjar MS. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Utilization Patterns and Risk of Adverse Events due to Drug-Drug Interactions among Elderly Patients: A Study from Jordan. Saudi Pharm J. 2020 Apr;28(4):504-508. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.03.001.
  • Brennan R, Wazaify M, Shawabkeh H, Boardley I, McVeigh J, Van Hout MC. A Scoping Review of Non-Medical and Extra-Medical Use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). Drug Saf. 2021;44(9):917-928. doi: 10.1007/s40264-021-01085-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-021-01085-
  • Laveti D, Kumar M, Hemalatha R, Sistla R, Naidu VG, Talla V, Verma V, Kaur N, Nagpal R. Anti-inflammatory treatments for chronic diseases: a review. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets. 2013 Oct;12(5):349-61. doi: 10.2174/18715281113129990053. https://doi.org/10.2174/18715281113129990053
  • Mahesh G, Anil Kumar K, Reddanna P. Overview on the Discovery and Development of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Should the Focus Be on Synthesis or Degradation of PGE2?. J Inflamm Res. 2021;14:253-263. Published 2021 Feb 3. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S278514.
  • Dinarello CA. Anti-inflammatory Agents: Present and Future. Cell. 2010;140(6):935-950. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.043
  • Abbood A, Herrenknecht C, Proczek G, Descroix S, Rodrigo J, Taverna M, Smadja C. Hexylacrylate-based mixed-mode monolith, a stationary phase for the nano-HPLC separation of structurally related enkephalins. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011 Apr;400(2):459-68. doi: 10.1007/s00216-011-4762-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-4762-4
  • Asaad RA, Abdullah SS. Breast Cancer Subtypes (BCSs) Classification according to Hormone Receptor Status: Identification of Patients at High Risk in Jableh- Syria. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2018; 11(8): 3703-3710. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00680.7. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00680.7
  • Asaad RA. Hormone Receptor Status and its Relation to C-Reactive Protein and other Prognostic factors in Breast Cancer in Jableh- Syria. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2017; 10(9): 3003-3010. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2017.00532.7.
  • Morkus R, Abbood A. A Survey of the Awareness and Practices of Antibiotic Use Among College Undergraduates and Graduates in Latakia International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR) ISSN: 2582-7618 (Online), Volume-4 Issue-3, April 2024. DOI:10.54105/ijapsr.C4039.04030424. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.C4039.04030424
  • Machkour A, Thallaj NK, Benhamou L, Lachkar M, Mandon D. he Coordination Chemistry of FeCl3 and FeCl2 to Bis [2‐(2, 3‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐6‐pyridylmethyl](2‐pyridylmethyl) amine: Access to a Diiron (iii) Compound with an Unusual Pentagonal‐Bipyramidal/Square‐Pyramidal EnvironmentChemistry–A European Journal. 2006 :25;12(25): 6660-6668. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200600276. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200600276
  • Labban L, Thallaj N. The Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on Hba1c Level and Lipid Profile Among Type 2 Diabetics. Acta Scientific Nutritional Health, 2019, 3,10, 7-12. https://doi.org/10.31080/ASNH.2019.03.0435
  • Labban L, Thallaj N, Malek Z. The implications of E-cigarettes or" vaping" on the nutritional status. Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences, 2019, 2, 11, 784-787. https://doi.org/10.15520/jmrhs.v2i11.128.
  • Labban L, Thallaj N, labban A. Assessing the Level of Awareness and Knowledge of COVID 19 Pandemic among Syrians. Archives of Medicine, 2020, 12, 2:8, 1-5. DOI: 10.36648/1989-5216.12.2.309. https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-5216.12.3.309
  • Labban L, Thallaj N. The medicinal and pharmacological properties of Damascene Rose (Rosa damascena): A review. International Journal of Herbal Medicine,2020, 8, 2, 33-37. Corpus ID: 226058951.
  • Labban L, Thallaj N, 2019. Acta Scient. Nutr. Health, 3: 7-12. https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-5216.12.3.309
  • Thallaj NK, Przybilla J, Welter R, Mandon D. A ferrous center as a reaction site for hydration of a nitrile group into a carboxamide in mild conditions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 2414-2415. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja710560g. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja710560g
  • Thallaj N. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Oxadiazole and Thiazolidine Derivatives. Indian Journal of Advanced Chemistry, 1, 3, 2022. 10-14. DOI:10.54105/ijac.d2015.102222. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijac.D2015.102222
  • Thallaj N. Quick Review of Chemistry Related to the [Fe]- Hydrogenases. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR) 2022. 2,4, 1-15. DOI:10.54105/ijapsr.C4016.062422. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.C4016.062422
  • Thallaj N. A Short Review of Some Examples of the Binding of Fullerenes C60 to Transition Metal Complexes. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR) 2022. 2,6, 1-12. DOI: 10.54105/ijapsr.C4015.102622. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.C4015.102622
  • Thallaj N. Review of a Few Selected Examples of Intermolecular Dioxygenases Involving Molecular Oxygen and Non-Heme Iron Proteins. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR) 2023. 3, 2, 1-18. DOI:10.54105/ijapsr.C4011.023223. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.C4011.023223
  • Thallaj N. A Brief Overview of the General Characteristics and Reactivity Towards Dioxygen of the Ferrous Tris (2-Pyridylmethyl Amine) Series Complexes is Presented. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR) 2023. 3, 3, 1-18. DOI:10.54105/ijapsr.C4012.043323. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.C4012.043323
  • Thallaj N. Detecting Antioxidant Behavior for Phenolic Content of Some Beauty Care Creams in Syrian Market. Indian Journal of Advanced Chemistry, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 10–14, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.54105/ijac.C2013.041322. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijac.C2013.041322
  • Thallaj N. Synthesis of a New Ligand Tris (2-pyridyl methyl) amine functionalized by a methoxy group and study of Dichloroferrous complexes, its reactivity to dioxygen both in the presence and absence of substrate. International journal of applied chemistry and biological sciences 2021, 2 (4), 65-77.
  • Thallaj N. Efficiency in transporting molecular oxygen to iron(II) complexes with ligands type tri (2-pyridylmethyl) amine substitution aromatic in (α) position by a mechanism that mimics biological oxidation. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 2021, 2, 10, 951-959.
  • Thallaj NK, Mandon D, White KA. The Design of Metal Chelates with a Biologically Related Redox‐Active Part: Conjugation of Riboflavin to Bis (2‐pyridylmethyl) amine Ligand and Preparation of a Ferric Complex Eur. J. of Inorg. Chem., 2007, 44–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.200600789. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.200600789
  • Thallaj NK, Orain PY, Thibon A, Sandroni M, Welter R, Mandon D. Steric Congestion at, and Proximity to, a Ferrous Center Leads to Hydration of α-Nitrile Substituents Forming Coordinated Carboxamides. Inorg Chem. 2014 Aug 4;53(15):7824-36. P7826-7827-7828. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic500096h. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic500096h
  • Thallaj NK, Rotthaus O, Benhamou L, Humbert N, Elhabiri M, Lachkar M, Welter R, Albrecht-Gary AM, Mandon D. Chemistry. 2008;14(22):6742-53.P6745-6746-6747. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200701967
  • Thallaj N, Machkour A, Mandon D, Welter R. Square pyramidal geometry around the metal and tridentate coordination mode of the tripod in the [6-(3′-cyanophenyl)-2-pyridylmethyl] bis (2-pyridyl methyl) amine FeCl2 complex: a solid-state effect. New. J. Chem., 2005, 29, 1555 – 1558. https://doi.org/10.1039/B512108F. https://doi.org/10.1039/b512108f
  • Wane A, Thallaj NK, Mandon D. The Reactivity of Molecular Dioxygen on a Series of Isostructural Dichloroferrous Complexes with Tripodal Tetraamine Ligands: General Access to μ-oxo Diferric Complexes, and Effect of α-Fluorination on the Kinetics of the Reaction. Chemistry A European Journal 14 (22), 6742-6753. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200701967 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200701967
  • Malek ZS, Labban LM. Photoperiod regulates the daily profiles of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 gene expression in the raphe nuclei of rats. International Journal of Neuroscience, 2021,131 (12), 1155-1161. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207454.2020.1782903
  • Abbood A, Thallaj N. Comparison between chromatofocusing and icIEF charge variant profiles of unconjugated monoclonal antibodies and their drug conjugates. Arab Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2023:7;(1).
  • Thallaj N. Characterization of charge heterogeneity of antibody -drug conjugate by anion-exchange chromatofocusing. Tishreen University Journal-Medical Sciences Series. (2023). 44,(6),21-29.
  • Malek ZS. The effect of regular exercise on the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 gene within Raphe complex: functional relationship with adrenal hormones and glucose blood levels. Journal of AlBaath University 2018, 40 (4), 39-62.
  • Besher S, Alallan L, Hasan Agha MI, Alshamaa I, Thallaj N. Influence of Soil Salinity on the Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Rosmarinus officinalis in Syria. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2024; 17(5):2282-8. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00358. https://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00358
  • Khatib O, Alshimale T, Alsaadi A, Thallaj N. The Global Impact of HIV: A Comprehensive Review. IJAPSR, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 6–19, Apr. 2024, doi: 10.54105/ijapsr.C4040.04030424. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.C4040.04030424
  • Abbood A, Thallaj N. Comparison between chromatofocusing and icIEF charge variant profiles of unconjugated monoclonal antibodies and their drug conjugates. Arab Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2023:7;(1).
  • Thallaj N. Characterization of charge heterogeneity of antibody-drug conjugate by anion-exchange chromatofocusing. Tishreen University Journal -Medical Sciences Series. (2023). 44,(6),21-29. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.C4041.04040624
  • Salloum R, Baddour F, Abbood A. A Questionnaire to Evaluate Undergraduate Students' Consumption and Awareness of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Syria. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR), Volume-4 Issue-4, June 2024, pages 1-6. DOI: 10.54105/ijapsr.C4041.04040624.
  • Zanboua R, Abbood A. Survey of Knowledge About the Interaction Between Food and Drugs Among the Syrian Population. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR), Volume-4 Issue-4, June 2024, pages 22-28. DOI: 10.54105/ijapsr.D4044.04040624. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.D4044.04040624
  • Park, H. (2022). The Simplest Pharmacokinetic Equation in ADC (Antibody Drug Conjugate) or PDC (Peptide Drug Conjugate) Research. In International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (Vol. 2, Issue 5, pp. 1–4). https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.c4017.082522
  • Shujauddin, Dr. M., Alam, S., Rehman, S., & Ahmad, M. (2023). Scientific Evaluation of A Unani Pharmacopoeia-Based Formulation on BPH in Animal Model. In International Journal of Preventive Medicine and Health (Vol. 4, Issue 1, pp. 1–8). https://doi.org/10.54105/ijpmh.a1032.114123
  • Sharma, A., & Shukla, Dr. S. (2020). An Advanced Machine Learning Model for Disease Prediction. In International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) (Vol. 9, Issue 2, pp. 1220–1225). https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.b4164.079220